From 7a32fcb3b29f4db8aed8a85dc58eb958fb118153 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 25 Apr 2023 23:40:51 +0300
Subject: [PATCH] ggml : add Q8_0 quantization format (rename the old one to
 Q8_1) (ARM NEON) (#1179)

* ggml : add Q8_0 quantization format (rename the old one to Q8_1)

* tests : fix test-quantize-fns

* ggml : finalize Q8_0 implementation

* ggml : use q4_0_q8_0 and q4_2_q8_0

* ggml : fix Q8_0 dot product bug (ARM)

* ggml : Q8_0 unroll x2

* ggml : fix bug - using wrong block type

* ggml : extend quantize_fns_t with "vec_dot_type"

* ggml : fix Q8_0 to use 255 values out of 256

* ggml : fix assert using wrong QK4_2 instead of QK4_3
---
 examples/quantize/quantize.cpp |   1 +
 ggml-cuda.cu                   |  28 +++
 ggml-cuda.h                    |   1 +
 ggml.c                         | 407 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
 ggml.h                         |   3 +
 llama.cpp                      |   4 +
 llama.h                        |   1 +
 tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp    |  14 +-
 8 files changed, 312 insertions(+), 147 deletions(-)

diff --git a/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp b/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
index 5b4812c62..ad39a805d 100644
--- a/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
+++ b/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "  type = %d - q4_1\n", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1);
         fprintf(stderr, "  type = %d - q4_2\n", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_2);
         fprintf(stderr, "  type = %d - q4_3\n", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_3);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  type = %d - q8_0\n", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0);
         return 1;
     }
 
diff --git a/ggml-cuda.cu b/ggml-cuda.cu
index fa511c1dc..f104ed5ac 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.cu
+++ b/ggml-cuda.cu
@@ -37,6 +37,13 @@ typedef struct {
 } block_q4_3;
 static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_3) == 2 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_3 / 2, "wrong q4_3 block size/padding");
 
+#define QK8_0 32
+typedef struct {
+    float   d;              // delta
+    int8_t  qs[QK8_0];      // quants
+} block_q8_0;
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_0) == sizeof(float) + QK8_0, "wrong q8_0 block size/padding");
+
 static __global__ void dequantize_block_q4_0(const void * vx, float * y) {
     const block_q4_0 * x = (const block_q4_0 *) vx;
 
@@ -131,6 +138,22 @@ static __global__ void dequantize_block_q4_3(const void * vx, float * y) {
     }
 }
 
+static __global__ void dequantize_block_q8_0(const void * vx, float * y) {
+    const block_q8_0 * x = (const block_q8_0 *) vx;
+
+    const int i = blockIdx.x;
+
+    const float d = x[i].d;
+
+    const int8_t * pp = x[i].qs;
+
+    for (int l = 0; l < QK8_0; l++) {
+        const int8_t vi = pp[l];
+
+        y[i*QK8_0 + l] = vi*d;
+    }
+}
+
 void dequantize_row_q4_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
     const int nb = k / QK4_0;
     dequantize_block_q4_0<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
@@ -151,6 +174,11 @@ void dequantize_row_q4_3_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t st
     dequantize_block_q4_3<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
 }
 
+void dequantize_row_q8_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int nb = k / QK8_0;
+    dequantize_block_q8_0<<<nb, 1, 0, stream>>>(vx, y);
+}
+
 // buffer pool for cuda
 #define MAX_CUDA_BUFFERS 16
 
diff --git a/ggml-cuda.h b/ggml-cuda.h
index 370bbc75f..4048ea491 100644
--- a/ggml-cuda.h
+++ b/ggml-cuda.h
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ void dequantize_row_q4_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t st
 void dequantize_row_q4_1_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
 void dequantize_row_q4_2_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
 void dequantize_row_q4_3_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
+void dequantize_row_q8_0_cuda(const void * vx, float * y, int k, cudaStream_t stream);
 
 #ifdef  __cplusplus
 }
diff --git a/ggml.c b/ggml.c
index b4dd88db5..064510eda 100644
--- a/ggml.c
+++ b/ggml.c
@@ -676,12 +676,18 @@ static_assert(sizeof(block_q4_3) == 2 * sizeof(ggml_fp16_t) + QK4_3 / 2, "wrong
 #define QK8_0 32
 typedef struct {
     float   d;          // delta
-    float   s0;         // d * sum(qs[i]) low
-    float   s1;         // d * sum(qs[i]) high
     int8_t  qs[QK8_0];  // quants
 } block_q8_0;
-static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_0) == 3*sizeof(float) + QK8_0, "wrong q8_0 block size/padding");
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_0) == sizeof(float) + QK8_0, "wrong q8_0 block size/padding");
 
+#define QK8_1 32
+typedef struct {
+    float   d;          // delta
+    float   s0;         // d * sum(qs[i]) low
+    float   s1;         // d * sum(qs[i]) high
+    int8_t  qs[QK8_1];  // quants
+} block_q8_1;
+static_assert(sizeof(block_q8_1) == 3*sizeof(float) + QK8_1, "wrong q8_1 block size/padding");
 
 // reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
 static void quantize_row_q4_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * restrict y, int k) {
@@ -1231,85 +1237,6 @@ static void quantize_row_q4_2_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_2 * r
     }
 }
 
-static inline int nearest_int(float fval) {
-    assert(fval <= 4194303.f);
-    float val = fval + 12582912.f;
-    int i; memcpy(&i, &val, sizeof(int));
-    return (i & 0x007fffff) - 0x00400000;
-}
-
-static float kquantize_q4_with_bounds(int n, int nmin, int nmax, const float * restrict X, int nCandidates,
-        const float * restrict candidates, int8_t * restrict L) {
-    assert (nmin >= INT8_MIN);
-    assert (nmax <= INT8_MAX);
-    float amax = 0;
-    for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(X[i]));
-    if (!amax) { // all zero
-        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) L[i] = 0;
-        return 1.f;
-    }
-    float best = 0, bestScale = 0;
-    for (int si=0; si<nCandidates; ++si) {
-        float iscale = candidates[si]/amax;
-        float sumlxP = 0; int suml2P = 0;
-        float sumlxM = 0; int suml2M = 0;
-        for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
-            int l = nearest_int(iscale*X[i]);
-            int lp = MAX(nmin, MIN(nmax, +l));
-            int lm = MAX(nmin, MIN(nmax, -l));
-            sumlxP += X[i]*lp; suml2P += lp*lp;
-            sumlxM += X[i]*lm; suml2M += lm*lm;
-        }
-        float sumlxP2 = sumlxP*sumlxP;
-        float sumlxM2 = sumlxM*sumlxM;
-        if (sumlxP2*suml2M > sumlxM2*suml2P) {
-            if (sumlxP2 > best*suml2P) {
-                best = sumlxP2/suml2P; bestScale = iscale;
-            }
-        } else {
-            if (sumlxM2 > best*suml2M) {
-                best = sumlxM2/suml2M; bestScale = -iscale;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    float sumlx = 0; int suml2 = 0;
-    for (int i=0; i<n; ++i) {
-        int l = nearest_int(bestScale*X[i]);
-        l = MAX(nmin, MIN(nmax, l));
-        sumlx += X[i]*l; suml2 += l*l;
-        L[i] = l;
-    }
-    float scale = sumlx/suml2;
-    return scale;
-}
-
-static void quantize_row_q4_2_rmse(const float * restrict x, block_q4_2 * restrict y, int k) {
-#define CANDIDATE_COUNT 8
-    static const float candidates[CANDIDATE_COUNT] = { +8.7f, +8.3f, +8.1f, +7.8f, +7.3f, +7.0f, +6.3f, +5.7f };
-    assert(k % QK4_2 == 0);
-
-    int8_t L[QK4_2];
-
-    const int nb = k / QK4_2;
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        float scale = kquantize_q4_with_bounds(QK4_2, -8, 7, x, CANDIDATE_COUNT, candidates, L);
-        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(scale);
-
-        for (int l = 0; l < QK4_2; l += 2) {
-            const uint8_t vi0 = (uint8_t)(L[l+0] + 8);
-            const uint8_t vi1 = (uint8_t)(L[l+1] + 8);
-
-            assert(vi0 < 16);
-            assert(vi1 < 16);
-
-            y[i].qs[l/2] = vi0 | (vi1 << 4);
-        }
-
-        x += QK4_2;
-    }
-}
-
 static void quantize_row_q4_2(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
     assert(k % QK4_2 == 0);
 
@@ -1379,18 +1306,52 @@ static void quantize_row_q8_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_0 * r
 
         y[i].d = d;
 
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+            const float v0 = x[i*QK8_0 + l]*id;
+
+            y[i].qs[l] = roundf(v0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
+    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
+
+    block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
+
+    quantize_row_q8_0_reference(x, y, k);
+}
+
+// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
+static void quantize_row_q8_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_1 * restrict y, int k) {
+    assert(k % QK8_1 == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK8_1;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK8_1; l++) {
+            const float v = x[i*QK8_1 + l];
+            amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
+        }
+
+        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
+        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;
+
+        y[i].d = d;
+
         int sum0 = 0;
         int sum1 = 0;
 
-        for (int l = 0; l < QK8_0/2; ++l) {
-            const float v0 = x[i*QK8_0           + l]*id;
-            const float v1 = x[i*QK8_0 + QK8_0/2 + l]*id;
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK8_1/2; ++l) {
+            const float v0 = x[i*QK8_1           + l]*id;
+            const float v1 = x[i*QK8_1 + QK8_1/2 + l]*id;
 
             y[i].qs[          l] = roundf(v0);
-            y[i].qs[QK8_0/2 + l] = roundf(v1);
+            y[i].qs[QK8_1/2 + l] = roundf(v1);
 
             sum0 += y[i].qs[          l];
-            sum1 += y[i].qs[QK8_0/2 + l];
+            sum1 += y[i].qs[QK8_1/2 + l];
         }
 
         y[i].s0 = d * sum0;
@@ -1398,11 +1359,11 @@ static void quantize_row_q8_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_0 * r
     }
 }
 
-static void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
-    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
-    const int nb = k / QK8_0;
+static void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int k) {
+    assert(k % QK8_1 == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK8_1;
 
-    block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
+    block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;
 
 #if defined(__ARM_NEON)
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
@@ -1556,7 +1517,7 @@ static void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int
     }
 #else
     // scalar
-    quantize_row_q8_0_reference(x, y, k);
+    quantize_row_q8_1_reference(x, y, k);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -1843,10 +1804,28 @@ static void dequantize_row_q4_3(const void * restrict vx, float * restrict y, in
     }
 }
 
+static void dequantize_row_q8_0(const void * restrict vx, float * restrict y, int k) {
+    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK8_0;
+
+    const block_q8_0 * restrict x = vx;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        const float d = x[i].d;
+
+        const int8_t * restrict pp = x[i].qs;
+
+        for (int l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+            y[i*QK8_0 + l] = pp[l]*d;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
-static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
+static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
 static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_2_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
-static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
+static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
+static void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy);
 
 static const quantize_fns_t quantize_fns[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_0] = {
@@ -1855,13 +1834,15 @@ static const quantize_fns_t quantize_fns[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
         .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_0_reference,
         .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_0,
         .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
     },
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_1] = {
         .dequantize_row_q         = dequantize_row_q4_1,
         .quantize_row_q           = quantize_row_q4_1,
         .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_1_reference,
-        .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_0,
-        .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_0,
+        .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_1,
+        .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_1,
     },
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_2] = {
         .dequantize_row_q         = dequantize_row_q4_2,
@@ -1869,20 +1850,31 @@ static const quantize_fns_t quantize_fns[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
         .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_2_reference,
         .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_0,
         .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_2_q8_0,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
     },
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_3] = {
         .dequantize_row_q         = dequantize_row_q4_3,
         .quantize_row_q           = quantize_row_q4_3,
-        .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_3_reference, // TODO: RMSE optimization
-        .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_0,
-        .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0,
+        .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q4_3_reference,
+        .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_1,
+        .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_1,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_1,
     },
     [GGML_TYPE_Q8_0] = {
-        .dequantize_row_q         = NULL,   // TODO
+        .dequantize_row_q         = dequantize_row_q8_0,
         .quantize_row_q           = quantize_row_q8_0,
         .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q8_0_reference,
         .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_0,
+        .vec_dot_q                = ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0,
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+    },
+    [GGML_TYPE_Q8_1] = {
+        .dequantize_row_q         = NULL,   // TODO
+        .quantize_row_q           = quantize_row_q8_1,
+        .quantize_row_q_reference = (quantize_row_q_t) quantize_row_q8_1_reference,
+        .quantize_row_q_dot       = quantize_row_q8_1,
         .vec_dot_q                = NULL,   // TODO
+        .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_1,
     },
 };
 
@@ -2498,17 +2490,14 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
     float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
     float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
 
-    float sum8 = 0;
-
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
         const block_q4_0 * restrict x0 = &x[i + 0];
         const block_q4_0 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
         const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
         const block_q8_0 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];
 
-        sum8 += x0->d * (y0->s0 + y0->s1) + x1->d * (y1->s0 + y1->s1);
-
         const uint8x16_t m4b   = vdupq_n_u8(0xf);
+        const int8x16_t  s8b   = vdupq_n_s8(0x8);
 
         const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(x0->qs);
         const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(x1->qs);
@@ -2519,6 +2508,12 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
         const int8x16_t v0_1l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
         const int8x16_t v0_1h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));
 
+        // sub 8
+        const int8x16_t v0_0ls = vsubq_s8(v0_0l, s8b);
+        const int8x16_t v0_0hs = vsubq_s8(v0_0h, s8b);
+        const int8x16_t v0_1ls = vsubq_s8(v0_1l, s8b);
+        const int8x16_t v0_1hs = vsubq_s8(v0_1h, s8b);
+
         // load y
         const int8x16_t v1_0l = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
         const int8x16_t v1_0h = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
@@ -2533,21 +2528,21 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
         // dot product into int32x4_t
-        const int32x4_t p_0 = vdotq_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0l, v1_0ls), v0_0h, v1_0hs);
-        const int32x4_t p_1 = vdotq_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1l, v1_1ls), v0_1h, v1_1hs);
+        const int32x4_t p_0 = vdotq_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0ls, v1_0ls), v0_0hs, v1_0hs);
+        const int32x4_t p_1 = vdotq_s32(vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1ls, v1_1ls), v0_1hs, v1_1hs);
 
         sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), x0->d*y0->d);
         sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), x1->d*y1->d);
 #else
-        const int16x8_t pl0l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_0l), vget_low_s8 (v1_0ls));
-        const int16x8_t pl0h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_0l), vget_high_s8(v1_0ls));
-        const int16x8_t ph0l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_0h), vget_low_s8 (v1_0hs));
-        const int16x8_t ph0h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_0h), vget_high_s8(v1_0hs));
+        const int16x8_t pl0l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_0ls), vget_low_s8 (v1_0ls));
+        const int16x8_t pl0h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_0ls), vget_high_s8(v1_0ls));
+        const int16x8_t ph0l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_0hs), vget_low_s8 (v1_0hs));
+        const int16x8_t ph0h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_0hs), vget_high_s8(v1_0hs));
 
-        const int16x8_t pl1l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_1l), vget_low_s8 (v1_1ls));
-        const int16x8_t pl1h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_1l), vget_high_s8(v1_1ls));
-        const int16x8_t ph1l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_1h), vget_low_s8 (v1_1hs));
-        const int16x8_t ph1h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_1h), vget_high_s8(v1_1hs));
+        const int16x8_t pl1l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_1ls), vget_low_s8 (v1_1ls));
+        const int16x8_t pl1h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_1ls), vget_high_s8(v1_1ls));
+        const int16x8_t ph1l = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (v0_1hs), vget_low_s8 (v1_1hs));
+        const int16x8_t ph1h = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(v0_1hs), vget_high_s8(v1_1hs));
 
         const int32x4_t pl0 = vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(pl0l), vpaddlq_s16(pl0h));
         const int32x4_t ph0 = vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(ph0l), vpaddlq_s16(ph0h));
@@ -2559,7 +2554,7 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 #endif
     }
 
-    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1) - 8 * sum8;
+    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
 #elif defined(__AVX2__)
     // Initialize accumulator with zeros
     __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
@@ -2651,14 +2646,14 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 #endif
 }
 
-static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
-    const int nb = n / QK8_0;
+static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
+    const int nb = n / QK8_1;
 
-    assert(n % QK8_0 == 0);
+    assert(n % QK8_1 == 0);
     assert(nb % 2 == 0);
 
     const block_q4_1 * restrict x = vx;
-    const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
+    const block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;
 
     // TODO: add AVX / WASM SIMD / etc
 #if defined(__ARM_NEON)
@@ -2670,8 +2665,8 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
         const block_q4_1 * restrict x0 = &x[i + 0];
         const block_q4_1 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
-        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
-        const block_q8_0 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];
+        const block_q8_1 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
+        const block_q8_1 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];
 
         summs += x0->m * (y0->s0 + y0->s1) + x1->m * (y1->s0 + y1->s1);
 
@@ -2769,7 +2764,7 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
         const  int8_t * restrict p1 = y[i].qs;
 
         // TODO: this is very slow ..
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0/2; j++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_1/2; j++) {
             const uint8_t v0 = p0[j];
 
             const float f0 = d0*(v0 & 0xf) + m0;
@@ -2942,15 +2937,15 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_2_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 #endif
 }
 
-static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
-    const int nb = n / QK8_0;
+static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_1(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
+    const int nb = n / QK8_1;
 
-    assert(n % QK8_0 == 0);
+    assert(n % QK8_1 == 0);
     assert(nb % 2 == 0);
-    assert(QK8_0 == 2*QK4_2);
+    assert(QK8_1 == 2*QK4_3);
 
     const block_q4_3 * restrict x = vx;
-    const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
+    const block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;
 
 #if defined(__ARM_NEON)
     float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
@@ -2963,7 +2958,7 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
         const block_q4_3 * restrict x0_0 = &x[2*(i + 0) + 0];
         const block_q4_3 * restrict x0_1 = &x[2*(i + 0) + 1];
 
-        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
+        const block_q8_1 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
 
         summs0 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_0->m) * y0->s0;
         summs1 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0_1->m) * y0->s1;
@@ -3046,7 +3041,7 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
         int sxy_0 = 0;
         int sxy_1 = 0;
 
-        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0/4; j++) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_1/4; j++) {
             const uint8_t v0 = x0[j];
             const uint8_t v1 = x1[j];
 
@@ -3059,8 +3054,8 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
             const int y0_0 = y0[2*j + 0];
             const int y1_0 = y0[2*j + 1];
 
-            const int y0_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_0/4) + 0];
-            const int y1_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_0/4) + 1];
+            const int y0_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_1/4) + 0];
+            const int y1_1 = y0[2*(j + QK8_1/4) + 1];
 
             sxy_0 += x0_0*y0_0 + x1_0*y1_0;
             sxy_1 += x0_1*y0_1 + x1_1*y1_1;
@@ -3072,6 +3067,91 @@ static void ggml_vec_dot_q4_3_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void *
 #endif
 }
 
+static void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(const int n, float * restrict s, const void * restrict vx, const void * restrict vy) {
+    const int nb = n / QK8_0;
+
+    assert(n % QK8_0 == 0);
+    assert(nb % 2 == 0);
+    assert(QK8_0 == QK8_0);
+
+    const block_q8_0 * restrict x = vx;
+    const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;
+
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
+    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
+        const block_q8_0 * restrict x0 = &x[i + 0];
+        const block_q8_0 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
+        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
+        const block_q8_0 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];
+
+        const int8x16_t x0_0 = vld1q_s8(x0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t x0_1 = vld1q_s8(x0->qs + 16);
+        const int8x16_t x1_0 = vld1q_s8(x1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t x1_1 = vld1q_s8(x1->qs + 16);
+
+        // load y
+        const int8x16_t y0_0 = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
+        const int8x16_t y0_1 = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
+        const int8x16_t y1_0 = vld1q_s8(y1->qs);
+        const int8x16_t y1_1 = vld1q_s8(y1->qs + 16);
+
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
+                        vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_0, y0_0),
+                        vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_1, y0_1))), x0->d*y0->d);
+
+        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
+                        vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_0, y1_0),
+                        vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_1, y1_1))), x1->d*y1->d);
+
+#else
+        const int16x8_t p0_0 = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (x0_0), vget_low_s8 (y0_0));
+        const int16x8_t p0_1 = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(x0_0), vget_high_s8(y0_0));
+        const int16x8_t p0_2 = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (x0_1), vget_low_s8 (y0_1));
+        const int16x8_t p0_3 = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(x0_1), vget_high_s8(y0_1));
+
+        const int16x8_t p1_0 = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (x1_0), vget_low_s8 (y1_0));
+        const int16x8_t p1_1 = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(x1_0), vget_high_s8(y1_0));
+        const int16x8_t p1_2 = vmull_s8(vget_low_s8 (x1_1), vget_low_s8 (y1_1));
+        const int16x8_t p1_3 = vmull_s8(vget_high_s8(x1_1), vget_high_s8(y1_1));
+
+        const int32x4_t p0 = vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(p0_0), vpaddlq_s16(p0_1));
+        const int32x4_t p1 = vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(p0_2), vpaddlq_s16(p0_3));
+        const int32x4_t p2 = vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(p1_0), vpaddlq_s16(p1_1));
+        const int32x4_t p3 = vaddq_s32(vpaddlq_s16(p1_2), vpaddlq_s16(p1_3));
+
+        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(p0, p1)), x0->d*y0->d);
+        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(p2, p3)), x1->d*y1->d);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
+#else
+    // scalar
+    float sumf = 0.0;
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+        const int8_t * restrict x0 = x[i].qs;
+        const int8_t * restrict y0 = y[i].qs;
+
+        int sumi = 0;
+
+        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
+            const int v0 = x0[j];
+            const int v1 = y0[j];
+
+            sumi += v0*v1;
+        }
+
+        sumf += (x[i].d*y[i].d)*sumi;
+    }
+
+    *s = sumf;
+#endif
+}
 
 // compute GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL dot products at once
 // xs - x row stride in bytes
@@ -3269,6 +3349,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32(const int n, float * s, const float * x) {
 #endif
 }
 
+inline static void ggml_vec_sum_ggf(const int n, ggml_float * s, const float * x) {
+    ggml_float sum = 0.0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        sum += (ggml_float)x[i];
+    }
+    *s = sum;
+}
+
 inline static void ggml_vec_max_f32(const int n, float * s, const float * x) {
 #ifndef GGML_USE_ACCELERATE
     float max = -INFINITY;
@@ -3322,11 +3410,12 @@ static const int GGML_BLCK_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_2] = QK4_2,
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_3] = QK4_3,
     [GGML_TYPE_Q8_0] = QK8_0,
+    [GGML_TYPE_Q8_1] = QK8_1,
     [GGML_TYPE_I8]   = 1,
     [GGML_TYPE_I16]  = 1,
     [GGML_TYPE_I32]  = 1,
 };
-static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 10, "GGML_BLCK_SIZE is outdated");
+static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 11, "GGML_BLCK_SIZE is outdated");
 
 static const size_t GGML_TYPE_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_F32]  = sizeof(float),
@@ -3336,11 +3425,12 @@ static const size_t GGML_TYPE_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_2] = sizeof(block_q4_2),
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_3] = sizeof(block_q4_3),
     [GGML_TYPE_Q8_0] = sizeof(block_q8_0),
+    [GGML_TYPE_Q8_1] = sizeof(block_q8_1),
     [GGML_TYPE_I8]   = sizeof(int8_t),
     [GGML_TYPE_I16]  = sizeof(int16_t),
     [GGML_TYPE_I32]  = sizeof(int32_t),
 };
-static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 10, "GGML_TYPE_SIZE is outdated");
+static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 11, "GGML_TYPE_SIZE is outdated");
 
 
 static const char * GGML_TYPE_NAME[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
@@ -3351,11 +3441,12 @@ static const char * GGML_TYPE_NAME[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_2] = "q4_2",
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_3] = "q4_3",
     [GGML_TYPE_Q8_0] = "q8_0",
+    [GGML_TYPE_Q8_1] = "q8_1",
     [GGML_TYPE_I8]   = "i8",
     [GGML_TYPE_I16]  = "i16",
     [GGML_TYPE_I32]  = "i32",
 };
-static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 10, "GGML_TYPE_NAME is outdated");
+static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 11, "GGML_TYPE_NAME is outdated");
 
 static bool GGML_IS_QUANTIZED[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_F32]  = false,
@@ -3365,11 +3456,12 @@ static bool GGML_IS_QUANTIZED[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_2] = true,
     [GGML_TYPE_Q4_3] = true,
     [GGML_TYPE_Q8_0] = true,
+    [GGML_TYPE_Q8_1] = true,
     [GGML_TYPE_I8]   = false,
     [GGML_TYPE_I16]  = false,
     [GGML_TYPE_I32]  = false,
 };
-static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 10, "GGML_IS_QUANTIZED is outdated");
+static_assert(GGML_TYPE_COUNT == 11, "GGML_IS_QUANTIZED is outdated");
 
 static const char * GGML_OP_LABEL[GGML_OP_COUNT] = {
     "NONE",
@@ -6581,6 +6673,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_add(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_2:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_3:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_add_q_f32(params, src0, src1, dst);
             } break;
@@ -6839,12 +6932,12 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_sum_f32(
     const size_t nb03 = src0->nb[3];
 
     ggml_float sum     = 0;
-    float      row_sum = 0;
+    ggml_float row_sum = 0;
 
     for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
         for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
             for (int64_t i01 = 0; i01 < ne01; i01++) {
-                ggml_vec_sum_f32(ne00,
+                ggml_vec_sum_ggf(ne00,
                         &row_sum,
                         (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03));
                 sum += row_sum;
@@ -8008,6 +8101,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
     const enum ggml_type type = src0->type;
     quantize_row_q_t const quantize_row_q_dot = quantize_fns[type].quantize_row_q_dot;
     vec_dot_q_t      const vec_dot_q          = quantize_fns[type].vec_dot_q;
+    enum ggml_type   const vec_dot_type       = quantize_fns[type].vec_dot_type;
 
     // we don't support permuted src0 or src1
     GGML_ASSERT(nb00 == (int) GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type]);
@@ -8067,6 +8161,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
         else if (type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_3) {
             dequantize_row_q_cuda = dequantize_row_q4_3_cuda;
         }
+        else if (type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            dequantize_row_q_cuda = dequantize_row_q8_0_cuda;
+        }
         else {
             GGML_ASSERT(false);
         }
@@ -8141,7 +8238,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
 
     if (params->type == GGML_TASK_INIT) {
         char * wdata = params->wdata;
-        const size_t row_size = ne10*GGML_TYPE_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0]/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0];
+        const size_t row_size = ne10*GGML_TYPE_SIZE[vec_dot_type]/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[vec_dot_type];
 
         for (int64_t i13 = 0; i13 < ne13; ++i13) {
             for (int64_t i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; ++i12) {
@@ -8172,7 +8269,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(
     const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
 
     void * wdata = params->wdata;
-    const size_t row_size = ne00*GGML_TYPE_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0]/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0];
+    const size_t row_size = ne00*GGML_TYPE_SIZE[vec_dot_type]/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[vec_dot_type];
 
     for (int ir = ir0; ir < ir1; ++ir) {
         // src0 indices
@@ -8223,6 +8320,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_2:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_3:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_q_f32(params, src0, src1, dst);
             } break;
@@ -8452,6 +8550,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_2:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q4_3:
         case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_1:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_q(params, src0, src1, dst);
             } break;
@@ -10973,7 +11072,8 @@ void ggml_graph_compute(struct ggml_context * ctx, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph)
                             } else
 #endif
                             {
-                                cur = GGML_TYPE_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0]*ggml_nelements(node->src1)/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[GGML_TYPE_Q8_0];
+                                const enum ggml_type type_q = quantize_fns[node->src0->type].vec_dot_type;
+                                cur = GGML_TYPE_SIZE[type_q]*ggml_nelements(node->src1)/GGML_BLCK_SIZE[type_q];
                             }
                         } else {
                             GGML_ASSERT(false);
@@ -12242,6 +12342,27 @@ size_t ggml_quantize_q4_3(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t *
     return (n/QK4_3*sizeof(block_q4_3));
 }
 
+size_t ggml_quantize_q8_0(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t * hist) {
+    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
+    const int nb = k / QK8_0;
+
+    for (int j = 0; j < n; j += k) {
+        block_q8_0 * restrict y = (block_q8_0 *)dst + j/QK8_0;
+
+        quantize_row_q8_0_reference(src + j, y, k);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
+            for (int l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+                const int8_t vi = y[i].qs[l];
+
+                hist[vi/16 + 8]++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return (n/QK8_0*sizeof(block_q8_0));
+}
+
 size_t ggml_quantize_chunk(enum ggml_type type, const float * src, void * dst, int start, int n, int64_t * hist) {
     size_t result = 0;
     switch (type) {
@@ -12269,6 +12390,12 @@ size_t ggml_quantize_chunk(enum ggml_type type, const float * src, void * dst, i
                 block_q4_3 * block = (block_q4_3*)dst + start / QK4_3;
                 result = ggml_quantize_q4_3(src + start, block, n, n, hist);
             } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
+            {
+                GGML_ASSERT(start % QK8_0 == 0);
+                block_q8_0 * block = (block_q8_0*)dst + start / QK8_0;
+                result = ggml_quantize_q8_0(src + start, block, n, n, hist);
+            } break;
         default:
             assert(false);
     }
diff --git a/ggml.h b/ggml.h
index 275890781..8300a0c62 100644
--- a/ggml.h
+++ b/ggml.h
@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_TYPE_Q4_2 = 4,
         GGML_TYPE_Q4_3 = 5,
         GGML_TYPE_Q8_0 = 6,
+        GGML_TYPE_Q8_1 = 7,
         GGML_TYPE_I8,
         GGML_TYPE_I16,
         GGML_TYPE_I32,
@@ -832,6 +833,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API size_t ggml_quantize_q4_1(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t * hist);
     GGML_API size_t ggml_quantize_q4_2(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t * hist);
     GGML_API size_t ggml_quantize_q4_3(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t * hist);
+    GGML_API size_t ggml_quantize_q8_0(const float * src, void * dst, int n, int k, int64_t * hist);
 
     GGML_API size_t ggml_quantize_chunk(enum ggml_type type, const float * src, void * dst, int start, int n, int64_t * hist);
 
@@ -876,6 +878,7 @@ extern "C" {
         quantize_row_q_t   quantize_row_q_reference;
         quantize_row_q_t   quantize_row_q_dot;
         vec_dot_q_t        vec_dot_q;
+        enum ggml_type     vec_dot_type;
     } quantize_fns_t;
 
     quantize_fns_t ggml_internal_get_quantize_fn(size_t i);
diff --git a/llama.cpp b/llama.cpp
index 28d27916a..25203c9e9 100644
--- a/llama.cpp
+++ b/llama.cpp
@@ -484,6 +484,7 @@ struct llama_file_loader {
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_2:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_3:
+                case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                     break;
                 default: {
                     throw format("unrecognized tensor type %u\n", shard.type);
@@ -558,6 +559,7 @@ struct llama_file_saver {
             case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
             case GGML_TYPE_Q4_2:
             case GGML_TYPE_Q4_3:
+            case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                 break;
             default: LLAMA_ASSERT(false);
         }
@@ -848,6 +850,7 @@ static const char *llama_ftype_name(enum llama_ftype ftype) {
                                       return "mostly Q4_1, some F16";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_2: return "mostly Q4_2";
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_3: return "mostly Q4_3";
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0: return "mostly Q8_0";
         default:                      return "unknown, may not work";
     }
 }
@@ -1585,6 +1588,7 @@ static void llama_model_quantize_internal(const std::string & fname_inp, const s
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1: quantized_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_1; break;
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_2: quantized_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_2; break;
         case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_3: quantized_type = GGML_TYPE_Q4_3; break;
+        case LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0: quantized_type = GGML_TYPE_Q8_0; break;
         default: throw format("invalid output file type %d\n", ftype);
     };
 
diff --git a/llama.h b/llama.h
index e9e3abea5..ab41798d8 100644
--- a/llama.h
+++ b/llama.h
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ extern "C" {
         LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1_SOME_F16 = 4, // tok_embeddings.weight and output.weight are F16
         LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_2 = 5,  // except 1d tensors
         LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_3 = 6,  // except 1d tensors
+        LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0 = 7,  // except 1d tensors
     };
 
     LLAMA_API struct llama_context_params llama_context_default_params();
diff --git a/tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp b/tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp
index 7e091e8c4..a31a18827 100644
--- a/tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp
+++ b/tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ float array_rmse(const float * a1, const float * a2, size_t n) {
 
 // Total quantization error on test data
 float total_quantization_error(quantize_fns_t & qfns, size_t test_size, const float * test_data) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q(test_size);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q(2*test_size);
     std::vector<float> tmp_out(test_size);
 
     qfns.quantize_row_q(test_data, tmp_q.data(), test_size);
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ float total_quantization_error(quantize_fns_t & qfns, size_t test_size, const fl
 
 // Total quantization error on test data
 float reference_quantization_error(quantize_fns_t & qfns, size_t test_size, const float * test_data) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q(test_size);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q(2*test_size);
     std::vector<float> tmp_out(test_size);
     std::vector<float> tmp_out_ref(test_size);
 
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ float dot_product(const float * a1, const float * a2, size_t test_size) {
 
 // Total dot product error
 float dot_product_error(quantize_fns_t & qfns, size_t test_size, const float * test_data1, const float *test_data2) {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q1(test_size);
-    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q2(test_size*2);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q1(2*test_size);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> tmp_q2(2*test_size);
 
-    qfns.quantize_row_q(test_data1, tmp_q1.data(), test_size);
+    qfns.quantize_row_q    (test_data1, tmp_q1.data(), test_size);
     qfns.quantize_row_q_dot(test_data2, tmp_q2.data(), test_size);
 
     float result = INFINITY;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
             failed = !(total_error < MAX_QUANTIZATION_TOTAL_ERROR);
             num_failed += failed;
             if (failed || verbose) {
-                printf("%5s absolute quantization error: %s (%f)\n", ggml_type_name(type), RESULT_STR[failed], total_error);
+                printf("%5s absolute quantization error:    %s (%f)\n", ggml_type_name(type), RESULT_STR[failed], total_error);
             }
 
             const float reference_error = reference_quantization_error(qfns, test_size, test_data.data());
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
             failed = !(vec_dot_error < MAX_DOT_PRODUCT_ERROR);
             num_failed += failed;
             if (failed || verbose) {
-                printf("%5s dot product error: %s (%f)\n", ggml_type_name(type), RESULT_STR[failed], vec_dot_error);
+                printf("%5s dot product error:              %s (%f)\n", ggml_type_name(type), RESULT_STR[failed], vec_dot_error);
             }
         }
     }