2021-06-27 16:28:16 +02:00
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'virt' Generic Virtual Platform (``virt``)
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==========================================
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2021-07-26 16:23:36 +02:00
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The ``virt`` board is a platform which does not correspond to any real hardware;
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2021-06-27 16:28:16 +02:00
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it is designed for use in virtual machines. It is the recommended board type
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if you simply want to run a guest such as Linux and do not care about
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reproducing the idiosyncrasies and limitations of a particular bit of
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real-world hardware.
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Supported devices
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-----------------
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The ``virt`` machine supports the following devices:
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* Up to 8 generic RV32GC/RV64GC cores, with optional extensions
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* Core Local Interruptor (CLINT)
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* Platform-Level Interrupt Controller (PLIC)
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* CFI parallel NOR flash memory
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* 1 NS16550 compatible UART
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* 1 Google Goldfish RTC
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* 1 SiFive Test device
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* 8 virtio-mmio transport devices
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* 1 generic PCIe host bridge
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* The fw_cfg device that allows a guest to obtain data from QEMU
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Note that the default CPU is a generic RV32GC/RV64GC. Optional extensions
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can be enabled via command line parameters, e.g.: ``-cpu rv64,x-h=true``
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enables the hypervisor extension for RV64.
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Hardware configuration information
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----------------------------------
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The ``virt`` machine automatically generates a device tree blob ("dtb")
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which it passes to the guest, if there is no ``-dtb`` option. This provides
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information about the addresses, interrupt lines and other configuration of
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the various devices in the system. Guest software should discover the devices
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that are present in the generated DTB.
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If users want to provide their own DTB, they can use the ``-dtb`` option.
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These DTBs should have the following requirements:
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* The number of subnodes of the /cpus node should match QEMU's ``-smp`` option
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* The /memory reg size should match QEMU’s selected ram_size via ``-m``
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* Should contain a node for the CLINT device with a compatible string
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"riscv,clint0" if using with OpenSBI BIOS images
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Boot options
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------------
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The ``virt`` machine can start using the standard -kernel functionality
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for loading a Linux kernel, a VxWorks kernel, an S-mode U-Boot bootloader
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with the default OpenSBI firmware image as the -bios. It also supports
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the recommended RISC-V bootflow: U-Boot SPL (M-mode) loads OpenSBI fw_dynamic
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firmware and U-Boot proper (S-mode), using the standard -bios functionality.
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2021-08-31 13:06:03 +02:00
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Machine-specific options
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------------------------
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The following machine-specific options are supported:
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- aclint=[on|off]
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When this option is "on", ACLINT devices will be emulated instead of
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SiFive CLINT. When not specified, this option is assumed to be "off".
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2021-06-27 16:28:16 +02:00
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Running Linux kernel
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--------------------
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Linux mainline v5.12 release is tested at the time of writing. To build a
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Linux mainline kernel that can be booted by the ``virt`` machine in
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64-bit mode, simply configure the kernel using the defconfig configuration:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ export ARCH=riscv
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$ export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-
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$ make defconfig
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$ make
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To boot the newly built Linux kernel in QEMU with the ``virt`` machine:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 4 -m 2G \
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-display none -serial stdio \
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-kernel arch/riscv/boot/Image \
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-initrd /path/to/rootfs.cpio \
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-append "root=/dev/ram"
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To build a Linux mainline kernel that can be booted by the ``virt`` machine
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in 32-bit mode, use the rv32_defconfig configuration. A patch is required to
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fix the 32-bit boot issue for Linux kernel v5.12.
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ export ARCH=riscv
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$ export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-
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$ curl https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-riscv/patch/20210627135117.28641-1-bmeng.cn@gmail.com/mbox/ > riscv.patch
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$ git am riscv.patch
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$ make rv32_defconfig
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$ make
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Replace ``qemu-system-riscv64`` with ``qemu-system-riscv32`` in the command
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line above to boot the 32-bit Linux kernel. A rootfs image containing 32-bit
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applications shall be used in order for kernel to boot to user space.
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Running U-Boot
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--------------
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U-Boot mainline v2021.04 release is tested at the time of writing. To build an
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S-mode U-Boot bootloader that can be booted by the ``virt`` machine, use
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the qemu-riscv64_smode_defconfig with similar commands as described above for Linux:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-
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$ make qemu-riscv64_smode_defconfig
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Boot the 64-bit U-Boot S-mode image directly:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 4 -m 2G \
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-display none -serial stdio \
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-kernel /path/to/u-boot.bin
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To test booting U-Boot SPL which in M-mode, which in turn loads a FIT image
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that bundles OpenSBI fw_dynamic firmware and U-Boot proper (S-mode) together,
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build the U-Boot images using riscv64_spl_defconfig:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ export CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-linux-
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$ export OPENSBI=/path/to/opensbi-riscv64-generic-fw_dynamic.bin
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$ make qemu-riscv64_spl_defconfig
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The minimal QEMU commands to run U-Boot SPL are:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -smp 4 -m 2G \
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-display none -serial stdio \
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-bios /path/to/u-boot-spl \
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-device loader,file=/path/to/u-boot.itb,addr=0x80200000
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To test 32-bit U-Boot images, switch to use qemu-riscv32_smode_defconfig and
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riscv32_spl_defconfig builds, and replace ``qemu-system-riscv64`` with
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``qemu-system-riscv32`` in the command lines above to boot the 32-bit U-Boot.
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