diff --git a/target/arm/cpu.h b/target/arm/cpu.h
index 3fc0e6e746..68e11f0eda 100644
--- a/target/arm/cpu.h
+++ b/target/arm/cpu.h
@@ -3141,15 +3141,7 @@ static inline bool arm_sctlr_b(CPUARMState *env)
         (env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_B) != 0;
 }
 
-static inline uint64_t arm_sctlr(CPUARMState *env, int el)
-{
-    if (el == 0) {
-        /* FIXME: ARMv8.1-VHE S2 translation regime.  */
-        return env->cp15.sctlr_el[1];
-    } else {
-        return env->cp15.sctlr_el[el];
-    }
-}
+uint64_t arm_sctlr(CPUARMState *env, int el);
 
 static inline bool arm_cpu_data_is_big_endian_a32(CPUARMState *env,
                                                   bool sctlr_b)
diff --git a/target/arm/helper-a64.c b/target/arm/helper-a64.c
index 36aa6badfd..bf45f8a785 100644
--- a/target/arm/helper-a64.c
+++ b/target/arm/helper-a64.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static void daif_check(CPUARMState *env, uint32_t op,
                        uint32_t imm, uintptr_t ra)
 {
     /* DAIF update to PSTATE. This is OK from EL0 only if UMA is set.  */
-    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_UMA)) {
+    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(arm_sctlr(env, 0) & SCTLR_UMA)) {
         raise_exception_ra(env, EXCP_UDEF,
                            syn_aa64_sysregtrap(0, extract32(op, 0, 3),
                                                extract32(op, 3, 3), 4,
diff --git a/target/arm/helper.c b/target/arm/helper.c
index 9f8d7ca1f3..e4f368d96b 100644
--- a/target/arm/helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/helper.c
@@ -3913,7 +3913,7 @@ static void aa64_fpsr_write(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
 static CPAccessResult aa64_daif_access(CPUARMState *env, const ARMCPRegInfo *ri,
                                        bool isread)
 {
-    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_UMA)) {
+    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(arm_sctlr(env, 0) & SCTLR_UMA)) {
         return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
     }
     return CP_ACCESS_OK;
@@ -3932,7 +3932,7 @@ static CPAccessResult aa64_cacheop_access(CPUARMState *env,
     /* Cache invalidate/clean: NOP, but EL0 must UNDEF unless
      * SCTLR_EL1.UCI is set.
      */
-    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(env->cp15.sctlr_el[1] & SCTLR_UCI)) {
+    if (arm_current_el(env) == 0 && !(arm_sctlr(env, 0) & SCTLR_UCI)) {
         return CP_ACCESS_TRAP;
     }
     return CP_ACCESS_OK;
@@ -8738,14 +8738,24 @@ static uint32_t regime_el(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
     }
 }
 
-#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+uint64_t arm_sctlr(CPUARMState *env, int el)
+{
+    /* Only EL0 needs to be adjusted for EL1&0 or EL2&0. */
+    if (el == 0) {
+        ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx = arm_mmu_idx_el(env, 0);
+        el = (mmu_idx == ARMMMUIdx_E20_0 ? 2 : 1);
+    }
+    return env->cp15.sctlr_el[el];
+}
 
 /* Return the SCTLR value which controls this address translation regime */
-static inline uint32_t regime_sctlr(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
+static inline uint64_t regime_sctlr(CPUARMState *env, ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
 {
     return env->cp15.sctlr_el[regime_el(env, mmu_idx)];
 }
 
+#ifndef CONFIG_USER_ONLY
+
 /* Return true if the specified stage of address translation is disabled */
 static inline bool regime_translation_disabled(CPUARMState *env,
                                                ARMMMUIdx mmu_idx)
@@ -11484,7 +11494,7 @@ static uint32_t rebuild_hflags_a64(CPUARMState *env, int el, int fp_el,
         flags = FIELD_DP32(flags, TBFLAG_A64, ZCR_LEN, zcr_len);
     }
 
-    sctlr = arm_sctlr(env, el);
+    sctlr = regime_sctlr(env, stage1);
 
     if (arm_cpu_data_is_big_endian_a64(el, sctlr)) {
         flags = FIELD_DP32(flags, TBFLAG_ANY, BE_DATA, 1);
diff --git a/target/arm/pauth_helper.c b/target/arm/pauth_helper.c
index 0a5f41e10c..e0c401c4a9 100644
--- a/target/arm/pauth_helper.c
+++ b/target/arm/pauth_helper.c
@@ -386,14 +386,7 @@ static void pauth_check_trap(CPUARMState *env, int el, uintptr_t ra)
 
 static bool pauth_key_enabled(CPUARMState *env, int el, uint32_t bit)
 {
-    uint32_t sctlr;
-    if (el == 0) {
-        /* FIXME: ARMv8.1-VHE S2 translation regime.  */
-        sctlr = env->cp15.sctlr_el[1];
-    } else {
-        sctlr = env->cp15.sctlr_el[el];
-    }
-    return (sctlr & bit) != 0;
+    return (arm_sctlr(env, el) & bit) != 0;
 }
 
 uint64_t HELPER(pacia)(CPUARMState *env, uint64_t x, uint64_t y)