#!/usr/bin/env bash # # Copyright (C) 2009 Red Hat, Inc. # Copyright (c) 2000-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc. All Rights Reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . # SED= for sed in sed gsed; do ($sed --version | grep 'GNU sed') > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ "$?" -eq 0 ]; then SED=$sed break fi done if [ -z "$SED" ]; then echo "$0: GNU sed not found" exit 1 fi dd() { if [ "$HOSTOS" == "Linux" ] then command dd --help | grep noxfer > /dev/null 2>&1 if [ "$?" -eq 0 ] then command dd status=noxfer $@ else command dd $@ fi else command dd $@ fi } # poke_file 'test.img' 512 '\xff\xfe' poke_file() { printf "$3" | dd "of=$1" bs=1 "seek=$2" conv=notrunc &>/dev/null } # poke_file_le $img_filename $offset $byte_width $value # Example: poke_file_le "$TEST_IMG" 512 2 65534 poke_file_le() { local img=$1 ofs=$2 len=$3 val=$4 str='' while ((len--)); do str+=$(printf '\\x%02x' $((val & 0xff))) val=$((val >> 8)) done poke_file "$img" "$ofs" "$str" } # poke_file_be $img_filename $offset $byte_width $value # Example: poke_file_be "$TEST_IMG" 512 2 65279 poke_file_be() { local img=$1 ofs=$2 len=$3 val=$4 local str=$(printf "%0$((len * 2))x\n" $val | sed 's/\(..\)/\\x\1/g') poke_file "$img" "$ofs" "$str" } # peek_file_le 'test.img' 512 2 => 65534 peek_file_le() { local val=0 shift=0 byte # coreutils' od --endian is not portable, so manually assemble bytes. for byte in $(od -j"$2" -N"$3" -An -v -tu1 "$1"); do val=$(( val | (byte << shift) )) shift=$((shift + 8)) done printf %llu $val } # peek_file_be 'test.img' 512 2 => 65279 peek_file_be() { local val=0 byte # coreutils' od --endian is not portable, so manually assemble bytes. for byte in $(od -j"$2" -N"$3" -An -v -tu1 "$1"); do val=$(( (val << 8) | byte )) done printf %llu $val } # peek_file_raw 'test.img' 512 2 => '\xff\xfe'. Do not use if the raw data # is likely to contain \0 or trailing \n. peek_file_raw() { dd if="$1" bs=1 skip="$2" count="$3" status=none } if ! . ./common.config then echo "$0: failed to source common.config" exit 1 fi # Set the variables to the empty string to turn Valgrind off # for specific processes, e.g. # $ VALGRIND_QEMU_IO= ./check -qcow2 -valgrind 015 : ${VALGRIND_QEMU_VM=$VALGRIND_QEMU} : ${VALGRIND_QEMU_IMG=$VALGRIND_QEMU} : ${VALGRIND_QEMU_IO=$VALGRIND_QEMU} : ${VALGRIND_QEMU_NBD=$VALGRIND_QEMU} : ${VALGRIND_QEMU_VXHS=$VALGRIND_QEMU} # The Valgrind own parameters may be set with # its environment variable VALGRIND_OPTS, e.g. # $ VALGRIND_OPTS="--leak-check=yes" ./check -qcow2 -valgrind 015 _qemu_proc_exec() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="$1" shift if [[ "${VALGRIND_QEMU}" == "y" && "${NO_VALGRIND}" != "y" ]]; then exec valgrind --log-file="${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" --error-exitcode=99 "$@" else exec "$@" fi } _qemu_proc_valgrind_log() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="$1" local RETVAL="$2" if [[ "${VALGRIND_QEMU}" == "y" && "${NO_VALGRIND}" != "y" ]]; then if [ $RETVAL == 99 ]; then cat "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" fi rm -f "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" fi } _qemu_wrapper() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="${TEST_DIR}"/$$.valgrind ( if [ -n "${QEMU_NEED_PID}" ]; then echo $BASHPID > "${QEMU_TEST_DIR}/qemu-${_QEMU_HANDLE}.pid" fi VALGRIND_QEMU="${VALGRIND_QEMU_VM}" _qemu_proc_exec "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" \ "$QEMU_PROG" $QEMU_OPTIONS "$@" ) RETVAL=$? _qemu_proc_valgrind_log "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" $RETVAL return $RETVAL } _qemu_img_wrapper() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="${TEST_DIR}"/$$.valgrind ( VALGRIND_QEMU="${VALGRIND_QEMU_IMG}" _qemu_proc_exec "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" \ "$QEMU_IMG_PROG" $QEMU_IMG_OPTIONS "$@" ) RETVAL=$? _qemu_proc_valgrind_log "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" $RETVAL return $RETVAL } _qemu_io_wrapper() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="${TEST_DIR}"/$$.valgrind local QEMU_IO_ARGS="$QEMU_IO_OPTIONS" if [ "$IMGOPTSSYNTAX" = "true" ]; then QEMU_IO_ARGS="--image-opts $QEMU_IO_ARGS" if [ -n "$IMGKEYSECRET" ]; then QEMU_IO_ARGS="--object secret,id=keysec0,data=$IMGKEYSECRET $QEMU_IO_ARGS" fi fi ( VALGRIND_QEMU="${VALGRIND_QEMU_IO}" _qemu_proc_exec "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" \ "$QEMU_IO_PROG" $QEMU_IO_ARGS "$@" ) RETVAL=$? _qemu_proc_valgrind_log "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" $RETVAL return $RETVAL } _qemu_nbd_wrapper() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="${TEST_DIR}"/$$.valgrind ( VALGRIND_QEMU="${VALGRIND_QEMU_NBD}" _qemu_proc_exec "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" \ "$QEMU_NBD_PROG" --pid-file="${QEMU_TEST_DIR}/qemu-nbd.pid" \ $QEMU_NBD_OPTIONS "$@" ) RETVAL=$? _qemu_proc_valgrind_log "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" $RETVAL return $RETVAL } _qemu_vxhs_wrapper() { local VALGRIND_LOGFILE="${TEST_DIR}"/$$.valgrind ( echo $BASHPID > "${TEST_DIR}/qemu-vxhs.pid" VALGRIND_QEMU="${VALGRIND_QEMU_VXHS}" _qemu_proc_exec "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" \ "$QEMU_VXHS_PROG" $QEMU_VXHS_OPTIONS "$@" ) RETVAL=$? _qemu_proc_valgrind_log "${VALGRIND_LOGFILE}" $RETVAL return $RETVAL } # Valgrind bug #409141 https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=409141 # Until valgrind 3.16+ is ubiquitous, we must work around a hang in # valgrind when issuing sigkill. Disable valgrind for this invocation. _NO_VALGRIND() { NO_VALGRIND="y" "$@" } export QEMU=_qemu_wrapper export QEMU_IMG=_qemu_img_wrapper export QEMU_IO=_qemu_io_wrapper export QEMU_NBD=_qemu_nbd_wrapper export QEMU_VXHS=_qemu_vxhs_wrapper if [ "$IMGOPTSSYNTAX" = "true" ]; then DRIVER="driver=$IMGFMT" QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS="--image-opts $QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS" if [ -n "$IMGKEYSECRET" ]; then QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS="--object secret,id=keysec0,data=$IMGKEYSECRET $QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS" fi if [ "$IMGFMT" = "luks" ]; then DRIVER="$DRIVER,key-secret=keysec0" fi if [ "$IMGPROTO" = "file" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT TEST_IMG="$DRIVER,file.filename=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT" elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "nbd" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT TEST_IMG="$DRIVER,file.driver=nbd,file.type=unix" TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG,file.path=$SOCK_DIR/nbd" elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "ssh" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT TEST_IMG="$DRIVER,file.driver=ssh,file.host=127.0.0.1,file.path=$TEST_IMG_FILE" elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "nfs" ]; then TEST_DIR="$DRIVER,file.driver=nfs,file.filename=nfs://127.0.0.1/$TEST_DIR" TEST_IMG=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT else TEST_IMG="$DRIVER,file.driver=$IMGPROTO,file.filename=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT" fi else QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS= if [ "$IMGPROTO" = "file" ]; then TEST_IMG=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "nbd" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT TEST_IMG="nbd+unix:///?socket=$SOCK_DIR/nbd" elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "ssh" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT REMOTE_TEST_DIR="ssh://\\($USER@\\)\\?127.0.0.1\\(:[0-9]\\+\\)\\?$TEST_DIR" TEST_IMG="ssh://127.0.0.1$TEST_IMG_FILE" elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "nfs" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT REMOTE_TEST_DIR="nfs://127.0.0.1$TEST_DIR" TEST_IMG="nfs://127.0.0.1$TEST_IMG_FILE" elif [ "$IMGPROTO" = "vxhs" ]; then TEST_IMG_FILE=$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT TEST_IMG="vxhs://127.0.0.1:9999/t.$IMGFMT" else TEST_IMG=$IMGPROTO:$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT fi fi ORIG_TEST_IMG="$TEST_IMG" if [ -z "$TEST_DIR" ]; then TEST_DIR=$PWD/scratch fi QEMU_TEST_DIR="${TEST_DIR}" if [ ! -e "$TEST_DIR" ]; then mkdir "$TEST_DIR" fi if [ ! -d "$TEST_DIR" ]; then echo "common.rc: Error: \$TEST_DIR ($TEST_DIR) is not a directory" exit 1 fi if [ -z "$REMOTE_TEST_DIR" ]; then REMOTE_TEST_DIR="$TEST_DIR" fi if [ ! -d "$SAMPLE_IMG_DIR" ]; then echo "common.rc: Error: \$SAMPLE_IMG_DIR ($SAMPLE_IMG_DIR) is not a directory" exit 1 fi _use_sample_img() { SAMPLE_IMG_FILE="${1%\.bz2}" TEST_IMG="$TEST_DIR/$SAMPLE_IMG_FILE" bzcat "$SAMPLE_IMG_DIR/$1" > "$TEST_IMG" if [ $? -ne 0 ] then echo "_use_sample_img error, cannot extract '$SAMPLE_IMG_DIR/$1'" exit 1 fi } _stop_nbd_server() { if [ -f "${QEMU_TEST_DIR}/qemu-nbd.pid" ]; then local QEMU_NBD_PID read QEMU_NBD_PID < "${QEMU_TEST_DIR}/qemu-nbd.pid" kill ${QEMU_NBD_PID} rm -f "${QEMU_TEST_DIR}/qemu-nbd.pid" "$SOCK_DIR/nbd" fi } # Gets the data_file value from IMGOPTS and replaces the '$TEST_IMG' # pattern by '$1' # Caution: The replacement is done with sed, so $1 must be escaped # properly. (The delimiter is '#'.) _get_data_file() { if ! echo "$IMGOPTS" | grep -q 'data_file='; then return 1 fi echo "$IMGOPTS" | sed -e 's/.*data_file=\([^,]*\).*/\1/' \ | sed -e "s#\\\$TEST_IMG#$1#" } _make_test_img() { # extra qemu-img options can be added by tests # at least one argument (the image size) needs to be added local extra_img_options="" local optstr="" local img_name="" local use_backing=0 local backing_file="" local object_options="" local opts_param=false local misc_params=() if [ -n "$TEST_IMG_FILE" ]; then img_name=$TEST_IMG_FILE else img_name=$TEST_IMG fi if [ -n "$IMGOPTS" ]; then imgopts_expanded=$(echo "$IMGOPTS" | sed -e "s#\\\$TEST_IMG#$img_name#") optstr=$(_optstr_add "$optstr" "$imgopts_expanded") fi if [ -n "$IMGKEYSECRET" ]; then object_options="--object secret,id=keysec0,data=$IMGKEYSECRET" optstr=$(_optstr_add "$optstr" "key-secret=keysec0") fi for param; do if [ "$use_backing" = "1" -a -z "$backing_file" ]; then backing_file=$param continue elif $opts_param; then optstr=$(_optstr_add "$optstr" "$param") opts_param=false continue fi case "$param" in -b) use_backing=1 ;; -o) opts_param=true ;; --no-opts) optstr="" ;; *) misc_params=("${misc_params[@]}" "$param") ;; esac done if [ \( "$IMGFMT" = "qcow2" -o "$IMGFMT" = "qed" \) -a -n "$CLUSTER_SIZE" ]; then optstr=$(_optstr_add "$optstr" "cluster_size=$CLUSTER_SIZE") fi if [ -n "$optstr" ]; then extra_img_options="-o $optstr $extra_img_options" fi if [ $IMGPROTO = "nbd" ]; then _stop_nbd_server fi # XXX(hch): have global image options? ( if [ $use_backing = 1 ]; then $QEMU_IMG create $object_options -f $IMGFMT $extra_img_options -b "$backing_file" "$img_name" "${misc_params[@]}" 2>&1 else $QEMU_IMG create $object_options -f $IMGFMT $extra_img_options "$img_name" "${misc_params[@]}" 2>&1 fi ) | _filter_img_create # Start an NBD server on the image file, which is what we'll be talking to. # Once NBD gains resize support, we may also want to use -f raw at the # server and interpret format over NBD, but for now, the format is # interpreted at the server and raw data sent over NBD. if [ $IMGPROTO = "nbd" ]; then # Pass a sufficiently high number to -e that should be enough for all # tests eval "$QEMU_NBD -v -t -k '$SOCK_DIR/nbd' -f $IMGFMT -e 42 -x '' $TEST_IMG_FILE >/dev/null &" sleep 1 # FIXME: qemu-nbd needs to be listening before we continue fi # Start QNIO server on image directory for vxhs protocol if [ $IMGPROTO = "vxhs" ]; then eval "$QEMU_VXHS -d $TEST_DIR > /dev/null &" sleep 1 # Wait for server to come up. fi } _rm_test_img() { local img=$1 if [ "$IMGFMT" = "vmdk" ]; then # Remove all the extents for vmdk "$QEMU_IMG" info "$img" 2>/dev/null | grep 'filename:' | cut -f 2 -d: \ | xargs -I {} rm -f "{}" elif [ "$IMGFMT" = "qcow2" ]; then # Remove external data file if data_file=$(_get_data_file "$img"); then rm -f "$data_file" fi fi rm -f "$img" } _cleanup_test_img() { case "$IMGPROTO" in nbd) _stop_nbd_server rm -f "$TEST_IMG_FILE" ;; vxhs) if [ -f "${TEST_DIR}/qemu-vxhs.pid" ]; then local QEMU_VXHS_PID read QEMU_VXHS_PID < "${TEST_DIR}/qemu-vxhs.pid" kill ${QEMU_VXHS_PID} >/dev/null 2>&1 rm -f "${TEST_DIR}/qemu-vxhs.pid" fi rm -f "$TEST_IMG_FILE" ;; file) _rm_test_img "$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT" _rm_test_img "$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT.orig" _rm_test_img "$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT.base" if [ -n "$SAMPLE_IMG_FILE" ] then rm -f "$TEST_DIR/$SAMPLE_IMG_FILE" SAMPLE_IMG_FILE= TEST_IMG="$ORIG_TEST_IMG" fi ;; rbd) rbd --no-progress rm "$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT" > /dev/null ;; sheepdog) collie vdi delete "$TEST_DIR/t.$IMGFMT" ;; esac } _check_test_img() { ( if [ "$IMGOPTSSYNTAX" = "true" ]; then $QEMU_IMG check $QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS "$@" "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 else $QEMU_IMG check "$@" -f $IMGFMT "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 fi ) | _filter_testdir | _filter_qemu_img_check # return real qemu_img check status, to analyze in # _check_test_img_ignore_leaks return ${PIPESTATUS[0]} } _check_test_img_ignore_leaks() { out=$(_check_test_img "$@") status=$? if [ $status = 3 ]; then # This must correspond to success output in dump_human_image_check() echo "No errors were found on the image." return 0 fi echo "$out" return $status } _img_info() { if [[ "$1" == "--format-specific" ]]; then local format_specific=1 shift else local format_specific=0 fi discard=0 regex_json_spec_start='^ *"format-specific": \{' $QEMU_IMG info $QEMU_IMG_EXTRA_ARGS "$@" "$TEST_IMG" 2>&1 | \ sed -e "s#$REMOTE_TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \ -e "s#$IMGPROTO:$TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \ -e "s#$TEST_DIR#TEST_DIR#g" \ -e "s#$IMGFMT#IMGFMT#g" \ -e "/^disk size:/ D" \ -e "/actual-size/ D" | \ while IFS='' read -r line; do if [[ $format_specific == 1 ]]; then discard=0 elif [[ $line == "Format specific information:" ]]; then discard=1 elif [[ $line =~ $regex_json_spec_start ]]; then discard=2 regex_json_spec_end="^${line%%[^ ]*}\\},? *$" fi if [[ $discard == 0 ]]; then echo "$line" elif [[ $discard == 1 && ! $line ]]; then echo discard=0 elif [[ $discard == 2 && $line =~ $regex_json_spec_end ]]; then discard=0 fi done } # bail out, setting up .notrun file # _notrun() { echo "$*" >"$OUTPUT_DIR/$seq.notrun" echo "$seq not run: $*" status=0 exit } # bail out, setting up .casenotrun file # The function _casenotrun() is used as a notifier. It is the # caller's responsibility to make skipped a particular test. # _casenotrun() { echo " [case not run] $*" >>"$OUTPUT_DIR/$seq.casenotrun" } # just plain bail out # _fail() { echo "$*" | tee -a "$OUTPUT_DIR/$seq.full" echo "(see $seq.full for details)" status=1 exit 1 } # tests whether $IMGFMT is one of the supported image formats for a test # _supported_fmt() { # "generic" is suitable for most image formats. For some formats it doesn't # work, however (most notably read-only formats), so they can opt out by # setting IMGFMT_GENERIC to false. for f; do if [ "$f" = "$IMGFMT" -o "$f" = "generic" -a "$IMGFMT_GENERIC" = "true" ]; then if [ "$IMGFMT" = "luks" ]; then _require_working_luks fi return fi done _notrun "not suitable for this image format: $IMGFMT" } # tests whether $IMGFMT is one of the unsupported image format for a test # _unsupported_fmt() { for f; do if [ "$f" = "$IMGFMT" ]; then _notrun "not suitable for this image format: $IMGFMT" fi done } # tests whether $IMGPROTO is one of the supported image protocols for a test # _supported_proto() { for f; do if [ "$f" = "$IMGPROTO" -o "$f" = "generic" ]; then return fi done _notrun "not suitable for this image protocol: $IMGPROTO" } # tests whether $IMGPROTO is specified as an unsupported image protocol for a test # _unsupported_proto() { for f; do if [ "$f" = "$IMGPROTO" ]; then _notrun "not suitable for this image protocol: $IMGPROTO" return fi done } # tests whether the host OS is one of the supported OSes for a test # _supported_os() { for h do if [ "$h" = "$HOSTOS" ] then return fi done _notrun "not suitable for this OS: $HOSTOS" } _supported_cache_modes() { for mode; do if [ "$mode" = "$CACHEMODE" ]; then return fi done _notrun "not suitable for cache mode: $CACHEMODE" } # Check whether the filesystem supports O_DIRECT _check_o_direct() { $QEMU_IMG create -f raw "$TEST_IMG".test_o_direct 1M > /dev/null out=$($QEMU_IO -f raw -t none -c quit "$TEST_IMG".test_o_direct 2>&1) rm -f "$TEST_IMG".test_o_direct [[ "$out" != *"O_DIRECT"* ]] } _require_o_direct() { if ! _check_o_direct; then _notrun "file system on $TEST_DIR does not support O_DIRECT" fi } _check_cache_mode() { if [ $CACHEMODE == "none" ] || [ $CACHEMODE == "directsync" ]; then _require_o_direct fi } _check_cache_mode # $1 - cache mode to use by default # $2 - (optional) cache mode to use by default if O_DIRECT is not supported _default_cache_mode() { if $CACHEMODE_IS_DEFAULT; then if [ -z "$2" ] || _check_o_direct; then CACHEMODE="$1" else CACHEMODE="$2" fi QEMU_IO="$QEMU_IO --cache $CACHEMODE" _check_cache_mode return fi } _supported_aio_modes() { for mode; do if [ "$mode" = "$AIOMODE" ]; then return fi done _notrun "not suitable for aio mode: $AIOMODE" } _default_aio_mode() { AIOMODE="$1" QEMU_IO="$QEMU_IO --aio $1" } _unsupported_imgopts() { for bad_opt do if echo "$IMGOPTS" | grep -q 2>/dev/null "$bad_opt" then _notrun "not suitable for image option: $bad_opt" fi done } # Caution: Overwrites $TEST_DIR/t.luks _require_working_luks() { file="$TEST_DIR/t.luks" output=$( $QEMU_IMG create -f luks \ --object secret,id=sec0,data=hunter0 \ -o key-secret=sec0 \ -o iter-time=10 \ "$file" \ 1M \ 2>&1 ) status=$? IMGFMT='luks' _rm_test_img "$file" if [ $status != 0 ]; then reason=$(echo "$output" | grep "$file:" | $SED -e "s#.*$file: *##") if [ -z "$reason" ]; then reason="Failed to create a LUKS image" fi _notrun "$reason" fi } # this test requires that a specified command (executable) exists # _require_command() { if [ "$1" = "QEMU" ]; then c=$QEMU_PROG elif [ "$1" = "QEMU_IMG" ]; then c=$QEMU_IMG_PROG elif [ "$1" = "QEMU_IO" ]; then c=$QEMU_IO_PROG elif [ "$1" = "QEMU_NBD" ]; then c=$QEMU_NBD_PROG else eval c=\$$1 fi [ -x "$c" ] || _notrun "$1 utility required, skipped this test" } # Check that a set of drivers has been whitelisted in the QEMU binary # _require_drivers() { available=$($QEMU -drive format=help | \ sed -e '/Supported formats:/!d' -e 's/Supported formats://') for driver do if ! echo "$available" | grep -q " $driver\( \|$\)"; then _notrun "$driver not available" fi done } # Check that we have a file system that allows huge (but very sparse) files # _require_large_file() { if ! truncate --size="$1" "$TEST_IMG"; then _notrun "file system on $TEST_DIR does not support large enough files" fi rm "$TEST_IMG" } # Check that a set of devices is available in the QEMU binary # _require_devices() { available=$($QEMU -M none -device help | \ grep ^name | sed -e 's/^name "//' -e 's/".*$//') for device do if ! echo "$available" | grep -q "$device" ; then _notrun "$device not available" fi done } # make sure this script returns success true