The qtest and libqtest doc comments will be parsed to generate API documentation, so move QTest documentation to its own document where the API and format documentation and will be included. Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com> Acked-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com> Message-Id: <20201005205228.697463-2-ehabkost@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
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ReStructuredText
962 lines
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ReStructuredText
===============
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Testing in QEMU
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===============
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This document describes the testing infrastructure in QEMU.
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Testing with "make check"
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=========================
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The "make check" testing family includes most of the C based tests in QEMU. For
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a quick help, run ``make check-help`` from the source tree.
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The usual way to run these tests is:
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.. code::
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make check
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which includes QAPI schema tests, unit tests, QTests and some iotests.
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Different sub-types of "make check" tests will be explained below.
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Before running tests, it is best to build QEMU programs first. Some tests
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expect the executables to exist and will fail with obscure messages if they
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cannot find them.
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Unit tests
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----------
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Unit tests, which can be invoked with ``make check-unit``, are simple C tests
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that typically link to individual QEMU object files and exercise them by
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calling exported functions.
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If you are writing new code in QEMU, consider adding a unit test, especially
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for utility modules that are relatively stateless or have few dependencies. To
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add a new unit test:
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1. Create a new source file. For example, ``tests/foo-test.c``.
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2. Write the test. Normally you would include the header file which exports
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the module API, then verify the interface behaves as expected from your
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test. The test code should be organized with the glib testing framework.
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Copying and modifying an existing test is usually a good idea.
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3. Add the test to ``tests/Makefile.include``. First, name the unit test
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program and add it to ``$(check-unit-y)``; then add a rule to build the
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executable. For example:
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.. code::
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check-unit-y += tests/foo-test$(EXESUF)
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tests/foo-test$(EXESUF): tests/foo-test.o $(test-util-obj-y)
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...
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Since unit tests don't require environment variables, the simplest way to debug
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a unit test failure is often directly invoking it or even running it under
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``gdb``. However there can still be differences in behavior between ``make``
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invocations and your manual run, due to ``$MALLOC_PERTURB_`` environment
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variable (which affects memory reclamation and catches invalid pointers better)
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and gtester options. If necessary, you can run
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.. code::
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make check-unit V=1
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and copy the actual command line which executes the unit test, then run
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it from the command line.
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QTest
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-----
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QTest is a device emulation testing framework. It can be very useful to test
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device models; it could also control certain aspects of QEMU (such as virtual
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clock stepping), with a special purpose "qtest" protocol. Refer to
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:doc:`qtest` for more details.
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QTest cases can be executed with
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.. code::
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make check-qtest
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QAPI schema tests
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-----------------
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The QAPI schema tests validate the QAPI parser used by QMP, by feeding
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predefined input to the parser and comparing the result with the reference
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output.
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The input/output data is managed under the ``tests/qapi-schema`` directory.
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Each test case includes four files that have a common base name:
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* ``${casename}.json`` - the file contains the JSON input for feeding the
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parser
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* ``${casename}.out`` - the file contains the expected stdout from the parser
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* ``${casename}.err`` - the file contains the expected stderr from the parser
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* ``${casename}.exit`` - the expected error code
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Consider adding a new QAPI schema test when you are making a change on the QAPI
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parser (either fixing a bug or extending/modifying the syntax). To do this:
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1. Add four files for the new case as explained above. For example:
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``$EDITOR tests/qapi-schema/foo.{json,out,err,exit}``.
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2. Add the new test in ``tests/Makefile.include``. For example:
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``qapi-schema += foo.json``
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check-block
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-----------
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``make check-block`` runs a subset of the block layer iotests (the tests that
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are in the "auto" group in ``tests/qemu-iotests/group``).
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See the "QEMU iotests" section below for more information.
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GCC gcov support
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----------------
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``gcov`` is a GCC tool to analyze the testing coverage by
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instrumenting the tested code. To use it, configure QEMU with
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``--enable-gcov`` option and build. Then run ``make check`` as usual.
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If you want to gather coverage information on a single test the ``make
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clean-gcda`` target can be used to delete any existing coverage
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information before running a single test.
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You can generate a HTML coverage report by executing ``make
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coverage-html`` which will create
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``meson-logs/coveragereport/index.html``.
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Further analysis can be conducted by running the ``gcov`` command
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directly on the various .gcda output files. Please read the ``gcov``
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documentation for more information.
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QEMU iotests
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============
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QEMU iotests, under the directory ``tests/qemu-iotests``, is the testing
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framework widely used to test block layer related features. It is higher level
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than "make check" tests and 99% of the code is written in bash or Python
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scripts. The testing success criteria is golden output comparison, and the
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test files are named with numbers.
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To run iotests, make sure QEMU is built successfully, then switch to the
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``tests/qemu-iotests`` directory under the build directory, and run ``./check``
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with desired arguments from there.
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By default, "raw" format and "file" protocol is used; all tests will be
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executed, except the unsupported ones. You can override the format and protocol
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with arguments:
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.. code::
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# test with qcow2 format
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./check -qcow2
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# or test a different protocol
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./check -nbd
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It's also possible to list test numbers explicitly:
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.. code::
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# run selected cases with qcow2 format
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./check -qcow2 001 030 153
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Cache mode can be selected with the "-c" option, which may help reveal bugs
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that are specific to certain cache mode.
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More options are supported by the ``./check`` script, run ``./check -h`` for
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help.
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Writing a new test case
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-----------------------
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Consider writing a tests case when you are making any changes to the block
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layer. An iotest case is usually the choice for that. There are already many
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test cases, so it is possible that extending one of them may achieve the goal
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and save the boilerplate to create one. (Unfortunately, there isn't a 100%
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reliable way to find a related one out of hundreds of tests. One approach is
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using ``git grep``.)
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Usually an iotest case consists of two files. One is an executable that
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produces output to stdout and stderr, the other is the expected reference
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output. They are given the same number in file names. E.g. Test script ``055``
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and reference output ``055.out``.
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In rare cases, when outputs differ between cache mode ``none`` and others, a
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``.out.nocache`` file is added. In other cases, when outputs differ between
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image formats, more than one ``.out`` files are created ending with the
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respective format names, e.g. ``178.out.qcow2`` and ``178.out.raw``.
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There isn't a hard rule about how to write a test script, but a new test is
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usually a (copy and) modification of an existing case. There are a few
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commonly used ways to create a test:
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* A Bash script. It will make use of several environmental variables related
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to the testing procedure, and could source a group of ``common.*`` libraries
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for some common helper routines.
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* A Python unittest script. Import ``iotests`` and create a subclass of
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``iotests.QMPTestCase``, then call ``iotests.main`` method. The downside of
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this approach is that the output is too scarce, and the script is considered
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harder to debug.
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* A simple Python script without using unittest module. This could also import
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``iotests`` for launching QEMU and utilities etc, but it doesn't inherit
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from ``iotests.QMPTestCase`` therefore doesn't use the Python unittest
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execution. This is a combination of 1 and 2.
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Pick the language per your preference since both Bash and Python have
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comparable library support for invoking and interacting with QEMU programs. If
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you opt for Python, it is strongly recommended to write Python 3 compatible
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code.
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Both Python and Bash frameworks in iotests provide helpers to manage test
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images. They can be used to create and clean up images under the test
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directory. If no I/O or any protocol specific feature is needed, it is often
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more convenient to use the pseudo block driver, ``null-co://``, as the test
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image, which doesn't require image creation or cleaning up. Avoid system-wide
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devices or files whenever possible, such as ``/dev/null`` or ``/dev/zero``.
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Otherwise, image locking implications have to be considered. For example,
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another application on the host may have locked the file, possibly leading to a
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test failure. If using such devices are explicitly desired, consider adding
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``locking=off`` option to disable image locking.
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.. _docker-ref:
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Docker based tests
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==================
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Introduction
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------------
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The Docker testing framework in QEMU utilizes public Docker images to build and
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test QEMU in predefined and widely accessible Linux environments. This makes
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it possible to expand the test coverage across distros, toolchain flavors and
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library versions.
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Prerequisites
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-------------
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Install "docker" with the system package manager and start the Docker service
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on your development machine, then make sure you have the privilege to run
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Docker commands. Typically it means setting up passwordless ``sudo docker``
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command or login as root. For example:
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.. code::
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$ sudo yum install docker
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$ # or `apt-get install docker` for Ubuntu, etc.
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$ sudo systemctl start docker
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$ sudo docker ps
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The last command should print an empty table, to verify the system is ready.
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An alternative method to set up permissions is by adding the current user to
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"docker" group and making the docker daemon socket file (by default
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``/var/run/docker.sock``) accessible to the group:
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.. code::
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$ sudo groupadd docker
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$ sudo usermod $USER -a -G docker
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$ sudo chown :docker /var/run/docker.sock
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Note that any one of above configurations makes it possible for the user to
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exploit the whole host with Docker bind mounting or other privileged
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operations. So only do it on development machines.
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Quickstart
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----------
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From source tree, type ``make docker`` to see the help. Testing can be started
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without configuring or building QEMU (``configure`` and ``make`` are done in
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the container, with parameters defined by the make target):
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.. code::
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make docker-test-build@min-glib
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This will create a container instance using the ``min-glib`` image (the image
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is downloaded and initialized automatically), in which the ``test-build`` job
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is executed.
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Images
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------
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Along with many other images, the ``min-glib`` image is defined in a Dockerfile
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in ``tests/docker/dockerfiles/``, called ``min-glib.docker``. ``make docker``
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command will list all the available images.
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To add a new image, simply create a new ``.docker`` file under the
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``tests/docker/dockerfiles/`` directory.
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A ``.pre`` script can be added beside the ``.docker`` file, which will be
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executed before building the image under the build context directory. This is
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mainly used to do necessary host side setup. One such setup is ``binfmt_misc``,
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for example, to make qemu-user powered cross build containers work.
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Tests
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-----
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Different tests are added to cover various configurations to build and test
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QEMU. Docker tests are the executables under ``tests/docker`` named
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``test-*``. They are typically shell scripts and are built on top of a shell
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library, ``tests/docker/common.rc``, which provides helpers to find the QEMU
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source and build it.
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The full list of tests is printed in the ``make docker`` help.
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Tools
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-----
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There are executables that are created to run in a specific Docker environment.
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This makes it easy to write scripts that have heavy or special dependencies,
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but are still very easy to use.
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Currently the only tool is ``travis``, which mimics the Travis-CI tests in a
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container. It runs in the ``travis`` image:
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.. code::
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make docker-travis@travis
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Debugging a Docker test failure
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-------------------------------
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When CI tasks, maintainers or yourself report a Docker test failure, follow the
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below steps to debug it:
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1. Locally reproduce the failure with the reported command line. E.g. run
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``make docker-test-mingw@fedora J=8``.
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2. Add "V=1" to the command line, try again, to see the verbose output.
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3. Further add "DEBUG=1" to the command line. This will pause in a shell prompt
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in the container right before testing starts. You could either manually
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build QEMU and run tests from there, or press Ctrl-D to let the Docker
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testing continue.
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4. If you press Ctrl-D, the same building and testing procedure will begin, and
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will hopefully run into the error again. After that, you will be dropped to
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the prompt for debug.
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Options
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-------
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Various options can be used to affect how Docker tests are done. The full
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list is in the ``make docker`` help text. The frequently used ones are:
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* ``V=1``: the same as in top level ``make``. It will be propagated to the
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container and enable verbose output.
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* ``J=$N``: the number of parallel tasks in make commands in the container,
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similar to the ``-j $N`` option in top level ``make``. (The ``-j`` option in
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top level ``make`` will not be propagated into the container.)
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* ``DEBUG=1``: enables debug. See the previous "Debugging a Docker test
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failure" section.
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Thread Sanitizer
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================
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Thread Sanitizer (TSan) is a tool which can detect data races. QEMU supports
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building and testing with this tool.
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For more information on TSan:
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https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerCppManual
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Thread Sanitizer in Docker
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---------------------------
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TSan is currently supported in the ubuntu2004 docker.
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The test-tsan test will build using TSan and then run make check.
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.. code::
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make docker-test-tsan@ubuntu2004
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TSan warnings under docker are placed in files located at build/tsan/.
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We recommend using DEBUG=1 to allow launching the test from inside the docker,
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and to allow review of the warnings generated by TSan.
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Building and Testing with TSan
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------------------------------
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It is possible to build and test with TSan, with a few additional steps.
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These steps are normally done automatically in the docker.
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There is a one time patch needed in clang-9 or clang-10 at this time:
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.. code::
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sed -i 's/^const/static const/g' \
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/usr/lib/llvm-10/lib/clang/10.0.0/include/sanitizer/tsan_interface.h
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To configure the build for TSan:
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.. code::
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../configure --enable-tsan --cc=clang-10 --cxx=clang++-10 \
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--disable-werror --extra-cflags="-O0"
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The runtime behavior of TSAN is controlled by the TSAN_OPTIONS environment
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variable.
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More information on the TSAN_OPTIONS can be found here:
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https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerFlags
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For example:
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.. code::
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export TSAN_OPTIONS=suppressions=<path to qemu>/tests/tsan/suppressions.tsan \
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detect_deadlocks=false history_size=7 exitcode=0 \
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log_path=<build path>/tsan/tsan_warning
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The above exitcode=0 has TSan continue without error if any warnings are found.
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This allows for running the test and then checking the warnings afterwards.
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If you want TSan to stop and exit with error on warnings, use exitcode=66.
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TSan Suppressions
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-----------------
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Keep in mind that for any data race warning, although there might be a data race
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detected by TSan, there might be no actual bug here. TSan provides several
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different mechanisms for suppressing warnings. In general it is recommended
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to fix the code if possible to eliminate the data race rather than suppress
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the warning.
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A few important files for suppressing warnings are:
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tests/tsan/suppressions.tsan - Has TSan warnings we wish to suppress at runtime.
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The comment on each suppression will typically indicate why we are
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suppressing it. More information on the file format can be found here:
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https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerSuppressions
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tests/tsan/blacklist.tsan - Has TSan warnings we wish to disable
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at compile time for test or debug.
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Add flags to configure to enable:
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"--extra-cflags=-fsanitize-blacklist=<src path>/tests/tsan/blacklist.tsan"
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More information on the file format can be found here under "Blacklist Format":
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https://github.com/google/sanitizers/wiki/ThreadSanitizerFlags
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TSan Annotations
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----------------
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include/qemu/tsan.h defines annotations. See this file for more descriptions
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of the annotations themselves. Annotations can be used to suppress
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TSan warnings or give TSan more information so that it can detect proper
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relationships between accesses of data.
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Annotation examples can be found here:
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https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/tree/master/compiler-rt/test/tsan/
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Good files to start with are: annotate_happens_before.cpp and ignore_race.cpp
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The full set of annotations can be found here:
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https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/master/compiler-rt/lib/tsan/rtl/tsan_interface_ann.cpp
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|
|
VM testing
|
|
==========
|
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|
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This test suite contains scripts that bootstrap various guest images that have
|
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necessary packages to build QEMU. The basic usage is documented in ``Makefile``
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help which is displayed with ``make vm-help``.
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|
Quickstart
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|
----------
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Run ``make vm-help`` to list available make targets. Invoke a specific make
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command to run build test in an image. For example, ``make vm-build-freebsd``
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will build the source tree in the FreeBSD image. The command can be executed
|
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from either the source tree or the build dir; if the former, ``./configure`` is
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not needed. The command will then generate the test image in ``./tests/vm/``
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under the working directory.
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Note: images created by the scripts accept a well-known RSA key pair for SSH
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access, so they SHOULD NOT be exposed to external interfaces if you are
|
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concerned about attackers taking control of the guest and potentially
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|
exploiting a QEMU security bug to compromise the host.
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|
|
QEMU binaries
|
|
-------------
|
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By default, qemu-system-x86_64 is searched in $PATH to run the guest. If there
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isn't one, or if it is older than 2.10, the test won't work. In this case,
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provide the QEMU binary in env var: ``QEMU=/path/to/qemu-2.10+``.
|
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|
|
Likewise the path to qemu-img can be set in QEMU_IMG environment variable.
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|
|
Make jobs
|
|
---------
|
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The ``-j$X`` option in the make command line is not propagated into the VM,
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specify ``J=$X`` to control the make jobs in the guest.
|
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|
Debugging
|
|
---------
|
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Add ``DEBUG=1`` and/or ``V=1`` to the make command to allow interactive
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debugging and verbose output. If this is not enough, see the next section.
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``V=1`` will be propagated down into the make jobs in the guest.
|
|
|
|
Manual invocation
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Each guest script is an executable script with the same command line options.
|
|
For example to work with the netbsd guest, use ``$QEMU_SRC/tests/vm/netbsd``:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
$ cd $QEMU_SRC/tests/vm
|
|
|
|
# To bootstrap the image
|
|
$ ./netbsd --build-image --image /var/tmp/netbsd.img
|
|
<...>
|
|
|
|
# To run an arbitrary command in guest (the output will not be echoed unless
|
|
# --debug is added)
|
|
$ ./netbsd --debug --image /var/tmp/netbsd.img uname -a
|
|
|
|
# To build QEMU in guest
|
|
$ ./netbsd --debug --image /var/tmp/netbsd.img --build-qemu $QEMU_SRC
|
|
|
|
# To get to an interactive shell
|
|
$ ./netbsd --interactive --image /var/tmp/netbsd.img sh
|
|
|
|
Adding new guests
|
|
-----------------
|
|
|
|
Please look at existing guest scripts for how to add new guests.
|
|
|
|
Most importantly, create a subclass of BaseVM and implement ``build_image()``
|
|
method and define ``BUILD_SCRIPT``, then finally call ``basevm.main()`` from
|
|
the script's ``main()``.
|
|
|
|
* Usually in ``build_image()``, a template image is downloaded from a
|
|
predefined URL. ``BaseVM._download_with_cache()`` takes care of the cache and
|
|
the checksum, so consider using it.
|
|
|
|
* Once the image is downloaded, users, SSH server and QEMU build deps should
|
|
be set up:
|
|
|
|
- Root password set to ``BaseVM.ROOT_PASS``
|
|
- User ``BaseVM.GUEST_USER`` is created, and password set to
|
|
``BaseVM.GUEST_PASS``
|
|
- SSH service is enabled and started on boot,
|
|
``$QEMU_SRC/tests/keys/id_rsa.pub`` is added to ssh's ``authorized_keys``
|
|
file of both root and the normal user
|
|
- DHCP client service is enabled and started on boot, so that it can
|
|
automatically configure the virtio-net-pci NIC and communicate with QEMU
|
|
user net (10.0.2.2)
|
|
- Necessary packages are installed to untar the source tarball and build
|
|
QEMU
|
|
|
|
* Write a proper ``BUILD_SCRIPT`` template, which should be a shell script that
|
|
untars a raw virtio-blk block device, which is the tarball data blob of the
|
|
QEMU source tree, then configure/build it. Running "make check" is also
|
|
recommended.
|
|
|
|
Image fuzzer testing
|
|
====================
|
|
|
|
An image fuzzer was added to exercise format drivers. Currently only qcow2 is
|
|
supported. To start the fuzzer, run
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
tests/image-fuzzer/runner.py -c '[["qemu-img", "info", "$test_img"]]' /tmp/test qcow2
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, some command different from "qemu-img info" can be tested, by
|
|
changing the ``-c`` option.
|
|
|
|
Acceptance tests using the Avocado Framework
|
|
============================================
|
|
|
|
The ``tests/acceptance`` directory hosts functional tests, also known
|
|
as acceptance level tests. They're usually higher level tests, and
|
|
may interact with external resources and with various guest operating
|
|
systems.
|
|
|
|
These tests are written using the Avocado Testing Framework (which must
|
|
be installed separately) in conjunction with a the ``avocado_qemu.Test``
|
|
class, implemented at ``tests/acceptance/avocado_qemu``.
|
|
|
|
Tests based on ``avocado_qemu.Test`` can easily:
|
|
|
|
* Customize the command line arguments given to the convenience
|
|
``self.vm`` attribute (a QEMUMachine instance)
|
|
|
|
* Interact with the QEMU monitor, send QMP commands and check
|
|
their results
|
|
|
|
* Interact with the guest OS, using the convenience console device
|
|
(which may be useful to assert the effectiveness and correctness of
|
|
command line arguments or QMP commands)
|
|
|
|
* Interact with external data files that accompany the test itself
|
|
(see ``self.get_data()``)
|
|
|
|
* Download (and cache) remote data files, such as firmware and kernel
|
|
images
|
|
|
|
* Have access to a library of guest OS images (by means of the
|
|
``avocado.utils.vmimage`` library)
|
|
|
|
* Make use of various other test related utilities available at the
|
|
test class itself and at the utility library:
|
|
|
|
- http://avocado-framework.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/test/avocado.html#avocado.Test
|
|
- http://avocado-framework.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api/utils/avocado.utils.html
|
|
|
|
Running tests
|
|
-------------
|
|
|
|
You can run the acceptance tests simply by executing:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
make check-acceptance
|
|
|
|
This involves the automatic creation of Python virtual environment
|
|
within the build tree (at ``tests/venv``) which will have all the
|
|
right dependencies, and will save tests results also within the
|
|
build tree (at ``tests/results``).
|
|
|
|
Note: the build environment must be using a Python 3 stack, and have
|
|
the ``venv`` and ``pip`` packages installed. If necessary, make sure
|
|
``configure`` is called with ``--python=`` and that those modules are
|
|
available. On Debian and Ubuntu based systems, depending on the
|
|
specific version, they may be on packages named ``python3-venv`` and
|
|
``python3-pip``.
|
|
|
|
The scripts installed inside the virtual environment may be used
|
|
without an "activation". For instance, the Avocado test runner
|
|
may be invoked by running:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
tests/venv/bin/avocado run $OPTION1 $OPTION2 tests/acceptance/
|
|
|
|
Manual Installation
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
To manually install Avocado and its dependencies, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
pip install --user avocado-framework
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, follow the instructions on this link:
|
|
|
|
http://avocado-framework.readthedocs.io/en/latest/GetStartedGuide.html#installing-avocado
|
|
|
|
Overview
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
The ``tests/acceptance/avocado_qemu`` directory provides the
|
|
``avocado_qemu`` Python module, containing the ``avocado_qemu.Test``
|
|
class. Here's a simple usage example:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
from avocado_qemu import Test
|
|
|
|
|
|
class Version(Test):
|
|
"""
|
|
:avocado: tags=quick
|
|
"""
|
|
def test_qmp_human_info_version(self):
|
|
self.vm.launch()
|
|
res = self.vm.command('human-monitor-command',
|
|
command_line='info version')
|
|
self.assertRegexpMatches(res, r'^(\d+\.\d+\.\d)')
|
|
|
|
To execute your test, run:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
avocado run version.py
|
|
|
|
Tests may be classified according to a convention by using docstring
|
|
directives such as ``:avocado: tags=TAG1,TAG2``. To run all tests
|
|
in the current directory, tagged as "quick", run:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
avocado run -t quick .
|
|
|
|
The ``avocado_qemu.Test`` base test class
|
|
-----------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The ``avocado_qemu.Test`` class has a number of characteristics that
|
|
are worth being mentioned right away.
|
|
|
|
First of all, it attempts to give each test a ready to use QEMUMachine
|
|
instance, available at ``self.vm``. Because many tests will tweak the
|
|
QEMU command line, launching the QEMUMachine (by using ``self.vm.launch()``)
|
|
is left to the test writer.
|
|
|
|
The base test class has also support for tests with more than one
|
|
QEMUMachine. The way to get machines is through the ``self.get_vm()``
|
|
method which will return a QEMUMachine instance. The ``self.get_vm()``
|
|
method accepts arguments that will be passed to the QEMUMachine creation
|
|
and also an optional `name` attribute so you can identify a specific
|
|
machine and get it more than once through the tests methods. A simple
|
|
and hypothetical example follows:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
from avocado_qemu import Test
|
|
|
|
|
|
class MultipleMachines(Test):
|
|
"""
|
|
:avocado: enable
|
|
"""
|
|
def test_multiple_machines(self):
|
|
first_machine = self.get_vm()
|
|
second_machine = self.get_vm()
|
|
self.get_vm(name='third_machine').launch()
|
|
|
|
first_machine.launch()
|
|
second_machine.launch()
|
|
|
|
first_res = first_machine.command(
|
|
'human-monitor-command',
|
|
command_line='info version')
|
|
|
|
second_res = second_machine.command(
|
|
'human-monitor-command',
|
|
command_line='info version')
|
|
|
|
third_res = self.get_vm(name='third_machine').command(
|
|
'human-monitor-command',
|
|
command_line='info version')
|
|
|
|
self.assertEquals(first_res, second_res, third_res)
|
|
|
|
At test "tear down", ``avocado_qemu.Test`` handles all the QEMUMachines
|
|
shutdown.
|
|
|
|
QEMUMachine
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The QEMUMachine API is already widely used in the Python iotests,
|
|
device-crash-test and other Python scripts. It's a wrapper around the
|
|
execution of a QEMU binary, giving its users:
|
|
|
|
* the ability to set command line arguments to be given to the QEMU
|
|
binary
|
|
|
|
* a ready to use QMP connection and interface, which can be used to
|
|
send commands and inspect its results, as well as asynchronous
|
|
events
|
|
|
|
* convenience methods to set commonly used command line arguments in
|
|
a more succinct and intuitive way
|
|
|
|
QEMU binary selection
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The QEMU binary used for the ``self.vm`` QEMUMachine instance will
|
|
primarily depend on the value of the ``qemu_bin`` parameter. If it's
|
|
not explicitly set, its default value will be the result of a dynamic
|
|
probe in the same source tree. A suitable binary will be one that
|
|
targets the architecture matching host machine.
|
|
|
|
Based on this description, test writers will usually rely on one of
|
|
the following approaches:
|
|
|
|
1) Set ``qemu_bin``, and use the given binary
|
|
|
|
2) Do not set ``qemu_bin``, and use a QEMU binary named like
|
|
"qemu-system-${arch}", either in the current
|
|
working directory, or in the current source tree.
|
|
|
|
The resulting ``qemu_bin`` value will be preserved in the
|
|
``avocado_qemu.Test`` as an attribute with the same name.
|
|
|
|
Attribute reference
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
Besides the attributes and methods that are part of the base
|
|
``avocado.Test`` class, the following attributes are available on any
|
|
``avocado_qemu.Test`` instance.
|
|
|
|
vm
|
|
~~
|
|
|
|
A QEMUMachine instance, initially configured according to the given
|
|
``qemu_bin`` parameter.
|
|
|
|
arch
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
The architecture can be used on different levels of the stack, e.g. by
|
|
the framework or by the test itself. At the framework level, it will
|
|
currently influence the selection of a QEMU binary (when one is not
|
|
explicitly given).
|
|
|
|
Tests are also free to use this attribute value, for their own needs.
|
|
A test may, for instance, use the same value when selecting the
|
|
architecture of a kernel or disk image to boot a VM with.
|
|
|
|
The ``arch`` attribute will be set to the test parameter of the same
|
|
name. If one is not given explicitly, it will either be set to
|
|
``None``, or, if the test is tagged with one (and only one)
|
|
``:avocado: tags=arch:VALUE`` tag, it will be set to ``VALUE``.
|
|
|
|
machine
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The machine type that will be set to all QEMUMachine instances created
|
|
by the test.
|
|
|
|
The ``machine`` attribute will be set to the test parameter of the same
|
|
name. If one is not given explicitly, it will either be set to
|
|
``None``, or, if the test is tagged with one (and only one)
|
|
``:avocado: tags=machine:VALUE`` tag, it will be set to ``VALUE``.
|
|
|
|
qemu_bin
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The preserved value of the ``qemu_bin`` parameter or the result of the
|
|
dynamic probe for a QEMU binary in the current working directory or
|
|
source tree.
|
|
|
|
Parameter reference
|
|
-------------------
|
|
|
|
To understand how Avocado parameters are accessed by tests, and how
|
|
they can be passed to tests, please refer to::
|
|
|
|
http://avocado-framework.readthedocs.io/en/latest/WritingTests.html#accessing-test-parameters
|
|
|
|
Parameter values can be easily seen in the log files, and will look
|
|
like the following:
|
|
|
|
.. code::
|
|
|
|
PARAMS (key=qemu_bin, path=*, default=./qemu-system-x86_64) => './qemu-system-x86_64
|
|
|
|
arch
|
|
~~~~
|
|
|
|
The architecture that will influence the selection of a QEMU binary
|
|
(when one is not explicitly given).
|
|
|
|
Tests are also free to use this parameter value, for their own needs.
|
|
A test may, for instance, use the same value when selecting the
|
|
architecture of a kernel or disk image to boot a VM with.
|
|
|
|
This parameter has a direct relation with the ``arch`` attribute. If
|
|
not given, it will default to None.
|
|
|
|
machine
|
|
~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The machine type that will be set to all QEMUMachine instances created
|
|
by the test.
|
|
|
|
|
|
qemu_bin
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The exact QEMU binary to be used on QEMUMachine.
|
|
|
|
Uninstalling Avocado
|
|
--------------------
|
|
|
|
If you've followed the manual installation instructions above, you can
|
|
easily uninstall Avocado. Start by listing the packages you have
|
|
installed::
|
|
|
|
pip list --user
|
|
|
|
And remove any package you want with::
|
|
|
|
pip uninstall <package_name>
|
|
|
|
If you've used ``make check-acceptance``, the Python virtual environment where
|
|
Avocado is installed will be cleaned up as part of ``make check-clean``.
|
|
|
|
Testing with "make check-tcg"
|
|
=============================
|
|
|
|
The check-tcg tests are intended for simple smoke tests of both
|
|
linux-user and softmmu TCG functionality. However to build test
|
|
programs for guest targets you need to have cross compilers available.
|
|
If your distribution supports cross compilers you can do something as
|
|
simple as::
|
|
|
|
apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu
|
|
|
|
The configure script will automatically pick up their presence.
|
|
Sometimes compilers have slightly odd names so the availability of
|
|
them can be prompted by passing in the appropriate configure option
|
|
for the architecture in question, for example::
|
|
|
|
$(configure) --cross-cc-aarch64=aarch64-cc
|
|
|
|
There is also a ``--cross-cc-flags-ARCH`` flag in case additional
|
|
compiler flags are needed to build for a given target.
|
|
|
|
If you have the ability to run containers as the user you can also
|
|
take advantage of the build systems "Docker" support. It will then use
|
|
containers to build any test case for an enabled guest where there is
|
|
no system compiler available. See :ref:`docker-ref` for details.
|
|
|
|
Running subset of tests
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
You can build the tests for one architecture::
|
|
|
|
make build-tcg-tests-$TARGET
|
|
|
|
And run with::
|
|
|
|
make run-tcg-tests-$TARGET
|
|
|
|
Adding ``V=1`` to the invocation will show the details of how to
|
|
invoke QEMU for the test which is useful for debugging tests.
|
|
|
|
TCG test dependencies
|
|
---------------------
|
|
|
|
The TCG tests are deliberately very light on dependencies and are
|
|
either totally bare with minimal gcc lib support (for softmmu tests)
|
|
or just glibc (for linux-user tests). This is because getting a cross
|
|
compiler to work with additional libraries can be challenging.
|
|
|
|
Other TCG Tests
|
|
---------------
|
|
|
|
There are a number of out-of-tree test suites that are used for more
|
|
extensive testing of processor features.
|
|
|
|
KVM Unit Tests
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The KVM unit tests are designed to run as a Guest OS under KVM but
|
|
there is no reason why they can't exercise the TCG as well. It
|
|
provides a minimal OS kernel with hooks for enabling the MMU as well
|
|
as reporting test results via a special device::
|
|
|
|
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm-unit-tests.git
|
|
|
|
Linux Test Project
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
The LTP is focused on exercising the syscall interface of a Linux
|
|
kernel. It checks that syscalls behave as documented and strives to
|
|
exercise as many corner cases as possible. It is a useful test suite
|
|
to run to exercise QEMU's linux-user code::
|
|
|
|
https://linux-test-project.github.io/
|