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Kevin Wolf ffa244c84a file-posix: Mitigate file fragmentation with extent size hints 
Especially when O_DIRECT is used with image files so that the page cache
indirection can't cause a merge of allocating requests, the file will
fragment on the file system layer, with a potentially very small
fragment size (this depends on the requests the guest sent).

On Linux, fragmentation can be reduced by setting an extent size hint
when creating the file (at least on XFS, it can't be set any more after
the first extent has been allocated), basically giving raw files a
"cluster size" for allocation.

This adds a create option to set the extent size hint, and changes the
default from not setting a hint to setting it to 1 MB. The main reason
why qcow2 defaults to smaller cluster sizes is that COW becomes more
expensive, which is not an issue with raw files, so we can choose a
larger size. The tradeoff here is only potentially wasted disk space.

For qcow2 (or other image formats) over file-posix, the advantage should
even be greater because they grow sequentially without leaving holes, so
there won't be wasted space. Setting even larger extent size hints for
such images may make sense. This can be done with the new option, but
let's keep the default conservative for now.

The effect is very visible with a test that intentionally creates a
badly fragmented file with qemu-img bench (the time difference while
creating the file is already remarkable) and then looks at the number of
extents and the time a simple "qemu-img map" takes.

Without an extent size hint:

    $ ./qemu-img create -f raw -o extent_size_hint=0 ~/tmp/test.raw 10G
    Formatting '/home/kwolf/tmp/test.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240 extent_size_hint=0
    $ ./qemu-img bench -f raw -t none -n -w ~/tmp/test.raw -c 1000000 -S 8192 -o 0
    Sending 1000000 write requests, 4096 bytes each, 64 in parallel (starting at offset 0, step size 8192)
    Run completed in 25.848 seconds.
    $ ./qemu-img bench -f raw -t none -n -w ~/tmp/test.raw -c 1000000 -S 8192 -o 4096
    Sending 1000000 write requests, 4096 bytes each, 64 in parallel (starting at offset 4096, step size 8192)
    Run completed in 19.616 seconds.
    $ filefrag ~/tmp/test.raw
    /home/kwolf/tmp/test.raw: 2000000 extents found
    $ time ./qemu-img map ~/tmp/test.raw
    Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
    0               0x1e8480000     0               /home/kwolf/tmp/test.raw

    real    0m1,279s
    user    0m0,043s
    sys     0m1,226s

With the new default extent size hint of 1 MB:

    $ ./qemu-img create -f raw -o extent_size_hint=1M ~/tmp/test.raw 10G
    Formatting '/home/kwolf/tmp/test.raw', fmt=raw size=10737418240 extent_size_hint=1048576
    $ ./qemu-img bench -f raw -t none -n -w ~/tmp/test.raw -c 1000000 -S 8192 -o 0
    Sending 1000000 write requests, 4096 bytes each, 64 in parallel (starting at offset 0, step size 8192)
    Run completed in 11.833 seconds.
    $ ./qemu-img bench -f raw -t none -n -w ~/tmp/test.raw -c 1000000 -S 8192 -o 4096
    Sending 1000000 write requests, 4096 bytes each, 64 in parallel (starting at offset 4096, step size 8192)
    Run completed in 10.155 seconds.
    $ filefrag ~/tmp/test.raw
    /home/kwolf/tmp/test.raw: 178 extents found
    $ time ./qemu-img map ~/tmp/test.raw
    Offset          Length          Mapped to       File
    0               0x1e8480000     0               /home/kwolf/tmp/test.raw

    real    0m0,061s
    user    0m0,040s
    sys     0m0,014s

Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200707142329.48303-1-kwolf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Kevin Wolf <kwolf@redhat.com>
2020-07-14 15:18:59 +02:00

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QA output created by 082
=== create: Options specified more than once ===
Testing: create -f foo -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 65536
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o lazy_refcounts=on TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=4096 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 lazy_refcounts=on refcount_bits=16
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 4096
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: true
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o lazy_refcounts=on -o cluster_size=8k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=8192 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 lazy_refcounts=on refcount_bits=16
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 8192
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: true
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,cluster_size=8k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=8192 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 8192
=== create: help for -o ===
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o ? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o help,cluster_size=4k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o ?,cluster_size=4k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o ? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: create -f qcow2 -u -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Testing: create -f qcow2 -u -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
qemu-img: Invalid option list: backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -o ,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
qemu-img: Invalid option list: ,help
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -o ,, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
qemu-img: Invalid option list: ,,
Testing: create -f qcow2 -o help
Supported qcow2 options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
The protocol level may support further options.
Specify the target filename to include those options.
Testing: create -o help
Supported raw options:
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
The protocol level may support further options.
Specify the target filename to include those options.
Testing: create -f bochs -o help
qemu-img: Format driver 'bochs' does not support image creation
=== convert: Options specified more than once ===
Testing: create -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 128M
Formatting 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 cluster_size=65536 compression_type=zlib size=134217728 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
Testing: convert -f foo -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
file format: raw
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
Testing: convert -O foo -O qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 65536
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o lazy_refcounts=on TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 4096
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: true
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o lazy_refcounts=on -o cluster_size=8k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 8192
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: true
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,cluster_size=8k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT.base
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 8192
=== convert: help for -o ===
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o ? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o help,cluster_size=4k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o ?,cluster_size=4k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o ? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
Supported options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
extent_size_hint=<size> - Extent size hint for the image file, 0 to disable
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
nocow=<bool (on/off)> - Turn off copy-on-write (valid only on btrfs)
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base': Could not open backing file: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,help': No such file or directory
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
qemu-img: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base': Could not open backing file: Could not open 'TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,?': No such file or directory
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
qemu-img: Invalid option list: backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -o ,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
qemu-img: Invalid option list: ,help
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -o ,, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.base
qemu-img: Invalid option list: ,,
Testing: convert -O qcow2 -o help
Supported qcow2 options:
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
cluster_size=<size> - qcow2 cluster size
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
compression_type=<str> - Compression method used for image cluster compression
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.cipher-alg=<str> - Name of encryption cipher algorithm
encrypt.cipher-mode=<str> - Name of encryption cipher mode
encrypt.format=<str> - Encrypt the image, format choices: 'aes', 'luks'
encrypt.hash-alg=<str> - Name of encryption hash algorithm
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.ivgen-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator algorithm
encrypt.ivgen-hash-alg=<str> - Name of IV generator hash algorithm
encrypt.key-secret=<str> - ID of secret providing qcow AES key or LUKS passphrase
encryption=<bool (on/off)> - Encrypt the image with format 'aes'. (Deprecated in favor of encrypt.format=aes)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
preallocation=<str> - Preallocation mode (allowed values: off, metadata, falloc, full)
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
The protocol level may support further options.
Specify the target filename to include those options.
Testing: convert -o help
Supported raw options:
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
The protocol level may support further options.
Specify the target filename to include those options.
Testing: convert -O bochs -o help
qemu-img: Format driver 'bochs' does not support image creation
=== convert: -C and other options ===
Testing: convert -C -S 4k -O qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.target
qemu-img: Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used
Testing: convert -C -S 8k -O qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.target
qemu-img: Cannot enable copy offloading when -S is used
Testing: convert -C -c -O qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.target
qemu-img: Cannot enable copy offloading when -c is used
Testing: convert -C --salvage -O qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2.target
qemu-img: Cannot use copy offloading in salvaging mode
=== amend: Options specified more than once ===
Testing: amend -f foo -f qcow2 -o lazy_refcounts=on TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 128 MiB (134217728 bytes)
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: true
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o size=130M -o lazy_refcounts=off TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 130 MiB (136314880 bytes)
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: false
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o size=8M -o lazy_refcounts=on -o size=132M TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 132 MiB (138412032 bytes)
cluster_size: 65536
Format specific information:
compat: 1.1
compression type: zlib
lazy refcounts: true
refcount bits: 16
corrupt: false
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o size=4M,size=148M TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
image: TEST_DIR/t.IMGFMT
file format: IMGFMT
virtual size: 148 MiB (155189248 bytes)
cluster_size: 65536
=== amend: help for -o ===
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o ? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o help,cluster_size=4k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o ?,cluster_size=4k TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=4k -o ? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Testing: rebase -u -b -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,,? TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Testing: rebase -u -b -f qcow2 TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
qemu-img: Invalid option list: backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2,
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -o ,help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
qemu-img: Invalid option list: ,help
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o backing_file=TEST_DIR/t.qcow2 -o ,, -o help TEST_DIR/t.qcow2
qemu-img: Invalid option list: ,,
Testing: amend -f qcow2 -o help
Amend options for 'qcow2':
backing_file=<str> - File name of a base image
backing_fmt=<str> - Image format of the base image
compat=<str> - Compatibility level (v2 [0.10] or v3 [1.1])
data_file=<str> - File name of an external data file
data_file_raw=<bool (on/off)> - The external data file must stay valid as a raw image
encrypt.iter-time=<num> - Time to spend in PBKDF in milliseconds
encrypt.keyslot=<num> - Select a single keyslot to modify explicitly
encrypt.new-secret=<str> - New secret to set in the matching keyslots. Empty string to erase
encrypt.old-secret=<str> - Select all keyslots that match this password
encrypt.state=<str> - Select new state of affected keyslots (active/inactive)
lazy_refcounts=<bool (on/off)> - Postpone refcount updates
refcount_bits=<num> - Width of a reference count entry in bits
size=<size> - Virtual disk size
Testing: amend -o help
qemu-img: Expecting one image file name
Testing: amend -f bochs -o help
qemu-img: Format driver 'bochs' does not support option amendment
*** done
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